opencv-python版(学习总结一)

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-03 14:44:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-03 14:44:05 发布

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分类专栏： opencv

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/LLY_A_/article/details/114317332

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视频学习：2020最新-3h精通Opencv
1、读取视频

import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Resources/3.mp4")

while True:
    succes, img = cap.read()
    cv2.imshow("Video", img)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord(
            'q'):  # 总体效果：按下q键后break。cv2.waitkey(1)在有按键按下的时候返回按键的ASCII值，否则返回-1，因为有些系统cv2.waitkey(1)的返回值不只8位
        break

2、摄像头的使用

import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)  # 设置摄像头ID
cap.set(3, 640)  # 设置宽度
cap.set(4, 480)  # 设置高度
cap.set(10, 100)  # 设置亮度

while True:
    succes, img = cap.read()
    cv2.imshow("Video", img)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord(
            'q'):  # 总体效果：按下q键后break。cv2.waitKey(1)在有按键按下的时候返回按键的ASCII值，否则返回-1，因为有些系统cv2.waitkey(1)的返回值不只8位
        break

3、模糊图像、图像扩张、Canny边缘检测器、图像腐蚀

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread("Resources/lena.png")
kernel = np.ones((5, 5), np.uint8)  # 内核

imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)  # 设置为灰度
imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(imgGray, (7, 7), 0)  # 模糊图像，内核必须为奇数X奇数
imgCanny = cv2.Canny(img, 100, 100)  # 这种边缘检测器成为Canny边缘检测器 100-->>200增加边缘厚度
imgDialation = cv2.dilate(imgCanny, kernel, iterations=1)  # 图像扩张(膨胀)，必须定义矩阵的大小和值的矩阵
imgEroded = cv2.erode(imgDialation, kernel, iterations=1)  # 图像腐蚀

cv2.imshow("Gray Image", imgGray)
cv2.imshow("Blur Image", imgBlur)
cv2.imshow("Canny Image", imgCanny)
cv2.imshow("Dialation Image", imgDialation)
cv2.imshow("Eroded Image", imgEroded)
cv2.waitKey(0)

4、改变大小和剪辑

import cv2

img = cv2.imread("Resources/lena.png")
print(img.shape)  # 检查图像形状以便IMG点形

imgResize = cv2.resize(img, (300, 200))  # 先定义宽度，再定义高度
print(imgResize.shape)

imgCropped = img[0:200, 200:500]  # 裁剪图像

cv2.imshow("Image", img)
cv2.imshow("Image Resize", imgResize)
cv2.imshow("Image Cropped", imgCropped)

cv2.waitKey(0)

如何在图像上绘制形状

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = np.zeros((512, 512, 3), np.uint8)
# print(img)
# img[:]=255,0,0
cv2.line(img, (0, 0), (img.shape[1], img.shape[0]), (0, 255, 0), 3)  # 线(宽度,高度)
cv2.rectangle(img, (0, 0), (250, 350), (0, 0, 255), 2)  # 矩形(cv2.FILLED:填充矩形)
cv2.circle(img, (400, 50), 30, (255, 255, 0), 4)  # (400,50)是圆心位置,30是半径,4是厚度
cv2.putText(img, "Open CV", (300, 400), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, (0, 150, 0), 1)

cv2.imshow("Image", img)

cv2.waitKey(0)

5、从四对对应点计算透视变换

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread("Resources/card.png")

width, height = 250, 350
pts1 = np.float32([[481, 29], [757, 132], [328, 457], [602, 555]])
print(pts1)
pts2 = np.float32([[0, 0], [width, 0], [0, height], [width, height]])
matrix = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(pts1, pts2)  # 透视变换
imgOut = cv2.warpPerspective(img, matrix, (width, height))

cv2.imshow("Image", img)
cv2.imshow("OutPut", imgOut)

cv2.waitKey(0)

6、图像结合

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread("Resources/lena.png")
imgHor = np.hstack((img, img, img))  # 水平堆叠
imgVer = np.vstack((img, img))  # 垂直堆叠

cv2.imshow("Horizontal", imgHor)
cv2.imshow("Vertical", imgVer)

cv2.waitKey(0)

7、颜色识别
python -opencv 使用滑动条
函数createTrackbar：
cv2.createTrackbar(“scale”, “display”, 0, 100, self.opencv_calibration_node.on_scale)

功能：
绑定滑动条和窗口，定义滚动条的数值

参数

第一个参数时滑动条的名字
第二个参数是滑动条被放置的窗口的名字
第三个参数是滑动条默认值
第四个参数时滑动条的最大值
第五个参数时回调函数，每次滑动都会调用回调函数

函数getTrackbarPos：
cv2.getTrackbarPos()

功能：
得到滑动条的数值

参数

第一个参数是滑动条名字
第二个时所在窗口，
返回值是滑动条的数值。

函数setTrackbarPos：
cv2.setTrackbarPos(‘Alpha’, ‘image’, 100)

功能：
设置滑动条的默认值

参数

第一个参数是滑动条名字，
第二个时所在窗口，
第三个参数是滑动条默认值，

import cv2
import numpy as np

def empty(a):
    pass

def stackImages(scale,imgArray):
    rows = len(imgArray)
    cols = len(imgArray[0])
    rowsAvailable = isinstance(imgArray[0], list)
    width = imgArray[0][0].shape[1]
    height = imgArray[0][0].shape[0]
    if rowsAvailable:
        for x in range ( 0, rows):
            for y in range(0, cols):
                if imgArray[x][y].shape[:2] == imgArray[0][0].shape [:2]:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
                else:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (imgArray[0][0].shape[1], imgArray[0][0].shape[0]), None, scale, scale)
                if len(imgArray[x][y].shape) == 2: imgArray[x][y]= cv2.cvtColor( imgArray[x][y], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        imageBlank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
        hor = [imageBlank]*rows
        hor_con = [imageBlank]*rows
        for x in range(0, rows):
            hor[x] = np.hstack(imgArray[x])
        ver = np.vstack(hor)
    else:
        for x in range(0, rows):
            if imgArray[x].shape[:2] == imgArray[0].shape[:2]:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
            else:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (imgArray[0].shape[1], imgArray[0].shape[0]), None,scale, scale)
            if len(imgArray[x].shape) == 2: imgArray[x] = cv2.cvtColor(imgArray[x], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        hor= np.hstack(imgArray)
        ver = hor
    return ver



path = 'Resources/lambo.png'
cv2.namedWindow("TrackBars")
cv2.resizeWindow("TrackBars",640,240)
cv2.createTrackbar("Hue Min","TrackBars",0,179,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Hue Max","TrackBars",19,179,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Sat Min","TrackBars",110,255,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Sat Max","TrackBars",240,255,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Val Min","TrackBars",153,255,empty)
cv2.createTrackbar("Val Max","TrackBars",255,255,empty)

while True:
    img = cv2.imread(path)
    imgHSV = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
    h_min = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Hue Min","TrackBars")
    h_max = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Hue Max", "TrackBars")
    s_min = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Sat Min", "TrackBars")
    s_max = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Sat Max", "TrackBars")
    v_min = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Val Min", "TrackBars")
    v_max = cv2.getTrackbarPos("Val Max", "TrackBars")
    print(h_min,h_max,s_min,s_max,v_min,v_max)
    lower = np.array([h_min,s_min,v_min])
    upper = np.array([h_max,s_max,v_max])
    mask = cv2.inRange(imgHSV,lower,upper)
    imgResult = cv2.bitwise_and(img,img,mask=mask)


    # cv2.imshow("Original",img)
    # cv2.imshow("HSV",imgHSV)
    # cv2.imshow("Mask", mask)
    # cv2.imshow("Result", imgResult)

    imgStack = stackImages(0.6,([img,imgHSV],[mask,imgResult]))
    cv2.imshow("Stacked Images", imgStack)

    cv2.waitKey(1)

8、形状识别

import cv2
import numpy as np


def stackImages(scale, imgArray):
    rows = len(imgArray)
    cols = len(imgArray[0])
    rowsAvailable = isinstance(imgArray[0], list)
    width = imgArray[0][0].shape[1]
    height = imgArray[0][0].shape[0]
    if rowsAvailable:
        for x in range(0, rows):
            for y in range(0, cols):
                if imgArray[x][y].shape[:2] == imgArray[0][0].shape[:2]:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
                else:
                    imgArray[x][y] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x][y], (imgArray[0][0].shape[1], imgArray[0][0].shape[0]),
                                                None, scale, scale)
                if len(imgArray[x][y].shape) == 2: imgArray[x][y] = cv2.cvtColor(imgArray[x][y], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        imageBlank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
        hor = [imageBlank] * rows
        hor_con = [imageBlank] * rows
        for x in range(0, rows):
            hor[x] = np.hstack(imgArray[x])
        ver = np.vstack(hor)
    else:
        for x in range(0, rows):
            if imgArray[x].shape[:2] == imgArray[0].shape[:2]:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (0, 0), None, scale, scale)
            else:
                imgArray[x] = cv2.resize(imgArray[x], (imgArray[0].shape[1], imgArray[0].shape[0]), None, scale, scale)
            if len(imgArray[x].shape) == 2: imgArray[x] = cv2.cvtColor(imgArray[x], cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
        hor = np.hstack(imgArray)
        ver = hor
    return ver


def getContours(img):
    contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
    for cnt in contours:
        area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)
        print(area)
        if area > 500:
            cv2.drawContours(imgContour, cnt, -1, (255, 0, 0), 3)
            peri = cv2.arcLength(cnt, True)
            # print(peri)
            approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt, 0.02 * peri, True)
            print(len(approx))
            objCor = len(approx)
            x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(approx)

            if objCor == 3:
                objectType = "Tri"
            elif objCor == 4:
                aspRatio = w / float(h)
                if aspRatio > 0.98 and aspRatio < 1.03:
                    objectType = "Square"
                else:
                    objectType = "Rectangle"
            elif objCor > 4:
                objectType = "Circles"
            else:
                objectType = "None"

            cv2.rectangle(imgContour, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 255, 0), 2)
            cv2.putText(imgContour, objectType,
                        (x + (w // 2) - 10, y + (h // 2) - 10), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 0.7,
                        (0, 0, 0), 2)


path = 'Resources/shape.jpg' 
img = cv2.imread(path)
imgContour = img.copy()  #复制原有的图像来获得一副新图像。 

imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(imgGray, (7, 7), 1)
imgCanny = cv2.Canny(imgBlur, 50, 50)
getContours(imgCanny)

imgBlank = np.zeros_like(img)
imgStack = stackImages(0.8, ([img, imgGray, imgBlur],
                             [imgCanny, imgContour, imgBlank]))

cv2.imshow("Stack", imgStack)

cv2.waitKey(0)

9、人脸识别

import cv2
import numpy as np

faceCascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier("Resources/haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml")
img = cv2.imread('Resources/lena.png')
imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

faces = faceCascade.detectMultiScale(imgGray, 1.1, 4)

for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
    cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
    pass

cv2.imshow("result", img)

cv2.waitKey(0)

摄像头实时人脸检测

import cv2
import numpy as np

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
cap.set(3, 640)  # 设置宽度
cap.set(4, 480)  # 设置高度
cap.set(10, 100)  # 设置亮度

faceCascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier("Resources/haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml")
while True:
    success, img = cap.read()
    imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    faces = faceCascade.detectMultiScale(imgGray, 1.1, 4)
    for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
        cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
        pass
    cv2.imshow("Result", img)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord(
            'q'):  # 总体效果：按下q键后break。cv2.waitKey(1)在有按键按下的时候返回按键的ASCII值，否则返回-1，因为有些系统cv2.waitkey(1)的返回值不只8位
        break
    pass

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opencv-python版(学习总结一)

视频学习：2020最新-3h精通Opencv1、读取视频import cv2cap = cv2.VideoCapture("Resources/3.mp4")while True: succes, img = cap.read() cv2.imshow("Video", img) if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord( 'q'): # 总体效果：按下q键后break。cv2.waitkey(1)在有按键按下的时候
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