仅需8道题轻松掌握Python Web应用开发 | Python技能树征题

0. 前言

使用 Python Web 框架构建 Web 应用可以使我们专注于应用程序的核心逻辑，而不必处理低级细节(例如，协议、套接字或进程和线程管理等)，因此使用 Python 构建 Web 应用比较简单，我们就通过 8 道 Python 编程题来解决 Python Web 应用开发的相关问题吧！

1. 第 1 题：客户端访问 Web 服务器

知识点描述：客户端与 Web 服务器进行交互，以获取应用服务。
问题描述：向 Web 服务发送一个带有查询参数的 HTTP GET 请求，请从以下选项中选出你认为正确的选项：
A.

import requests
from urllib import parse
url = "https://www.python.org/search/"
params = {'q': 'list'}
query = parse.urlencode(params)
response = requests.urlopen(url+'?'+query)
print(response.read())

B.

import requests
from urllib import parse
url = "https://www.python.org/search/"
params = {'q': 'list'}
query = parse.urlencode(params)
response = requests.get(url+'?'+query)
print(response.text)

C.

import requests
from urllib import parse
url = "https://www.python.org/search/"
params = {'q': 'list'}
query = parse.urlencode(params)
response = requests.get(url+query)
print(response.text)

D.

from urllib import parse, request
url = "https://www.python.org/search/"
params = {'q': 'list'}
query = parse.urlencode(params)
response = request.get(url+'?'+query)
print(response.read())

正确答案： B

2. 第 2 题：构建 TCP 服务器

知识点描述：构建 TCP 服务器，通过 TCP 协议和客户端通信。
问题描述：编写程序创建一个简单 TCP 应答服务器，请从以下选项中选出你认为正确的程序：
A.

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, TCPServer
class MessageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print("Get connection from {}".format(self.client_address))
        while True:
            message = self.request.recv(2048)
            if not message:
                break
            else:
                self.request.send("Success")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    server = MessageHandler(('', 5000), TCPServer)
    server.serve_forever()

B.

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, TCPServer
class MessageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print("Get connection from {}".format(self.client_address))
        while True:
            message = self.request.recv(2048)
            if not message:
                break
            else:
                self.request.send("Success")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    server = TCPServer(('', 5000), MessageHandler)

C.

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, TCPServer
class MessageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print("Get connection from {}".format(self.client_address))
        while True:
            message = self.request.recv(2048)
            if not message:
                break
            else:
                self.request.send("Success")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    server = MessageHandler()
    server.serve_forever()

D.

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, TCPServer
class MessageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print("Get connection from {}".format(self.client_address))
        while True:
            message = self.request.recv(2048)
            if not message:
                break
            else:
                self.request.send("Success")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    server = TCPServer(('', 5000), MessageHandler)
    server.serve_forever()

正确答案： D

3. 第 3 题：构建 UDP 服务器

知识点描述：构建 UDP 服务器，通过 UDP 协议和客户端通信。
问题描述：编写程序创建一个简单 UDP 应答服务器，请从以下选项中选出你认为正确的程序：
A.

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, UDPServer
from datetime import datetime
class MessageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print("Get connection from {}".format(self.client_address))
        while True:
            message = self.request.recv(2048)
            if not message:
                break
            else:
                response = (str(datetime.today()) + ': SUCCESS!')
                self.request.send(response)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    server = UDPServer(('', 5000), MessageHandler)
    server.serve_forever()

B.

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, UDPServer
from datetime import datetime
class MessageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print("Get connection from {}".format(self.client_address))
        while True:
            message = self.request.recv(2048)
            if not message:
                break
            else:
                response = (str(datetime.today()) + ': SUCCESS!')
                self.request.sendto(response)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    server = UDPServer(('', 5000), MessageHandler)
    server.serve_forever()

C.

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, UDPServer
from datetime import datetime
class MessageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print("Get connection from {}".format(self.client_address))
        message, sock = self.request
        response = (str(datetime.today()) + ': SUCCESS!')
        sock.sendto(response.encode('ascii'), self.client_address)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    server = UDPServer(('', 5000), MessageHandler)
    server.serve_forever()

D.

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, UDPServer
from datetime import datetime
class MessageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print("Get connection from {}".format(self.client_address))
        message, sock = self.request
        response = (str(datetime.today()) + ': SUCCESS!')
        sock.send(response.encode('ascii'), self.client_address)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    server = UDPServer(('', 5000), MessageHandler)
    server.serve_forever()

正确答案： C

4. 第 4 题：构建 REST 接口

知识点描述：使用 REST 接口通过网络远程控制或访问 Web 应用程序。
问题描述：构建一个标准的 REST 风格的 Web API，请从以下选项中选出你认为正确的选项：
A.

import cgi
from datetime import datetime
def not_found(environ, start_response):
    start_response('404 Not Found', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
    return ['Not Found']
class Route:
    def __init__(self):
        self.route = {}
    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        path = environ['PATH_INFO']
        params = cgi.FieldStorage(environ['wsgi.input'], environ=environ)
        method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD'].lower()
        environ['params'] = {k: params.getvalue(k) for k in params}
        handler = self.route.get((method, path), not_found)
        return handler(environ, start_response)
    def register(self, method, path, function):
        self.route[method.lower(), path] = function
        return function
_hello_user = """
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Hello {user}</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>{con_time}: Hello {user}!</h1>
    </body>
</html>
"""
def hello_user(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
    params = environ['params']
    response = _hello_user.format(user=params.get('user'), con_time=datetime.now())
    yield response.encode('utf-8')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
    route = Route()
    route.register('GET', '/hello', hello_user)
    httpd = make_server('', 8080, route)
    print('Running on 8080')
    httpd.serve_forever()

B.

import cgi
from datetime import datetime
def not_found(environ, start_response):
    start_response('404 Not Found', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
    return [b'Not Found']
class Route:
    def __init__(self):
        self.route = {}
    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        path = environ['PATH_INFO']
        params = cgi.FieldStorage(environ['wsgi.input'], environ=environ)
        method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD'].lower()
        environ['params'] = {k: params.getvalue(k) for k in params}
        handler = self.route.get((method, path), not_found)
        return handler(environ, start_response)
    def register(self, method, path, function):
        self.route[method.lower(), path] = function
        return function
_hello_user = """
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Hello {user}</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>{con_time}: Hello {user}!</h1>
    </body>
</html>
"""
def hello_user(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
    params = environ['params']
    response = _hello_user.format(user=params.get('user'), con_time=datetime.now())
    yield response.encode('utf-8')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
    route = Route()
    route.register('/hello', hello_user)
    httpd = make_server('', 8080, route)
    print('Running on 8080')
    httpd.serve_forever()

C.

import cgi
from datetime import datetime
def not_found(environ, start_response):
    start_response('404 Not Found', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
    return [b'Not Found']
class Route:
    def __init__(self):
        self.route = {}
    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        path = environ['PATH_INFO']
        params = cgi.FieldStorage(environ['wsgi.input'], environ=environ)
        method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD'].lower()
        environ['params'] = {k: params.getvalue(k) for k in params}
        handler = self.route.get((method, path), not_found)
        return handler(environ, start_response)
    def register(self, method, path, function):
        function = self.route[method.lower(), path]
        return function
_hello_user = """
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Hello {user}</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>{con_time}: Hello {user}!</h1>
    </body>
</html>
"""
def hello_user(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
    params = environ['params']
    response = _hello_user.format(user=params.get('user'), con_time=datetime.now())
    yield response.encode('utf-8')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
    route = Route()
    route.register('GET', '/hello', hello_user)
    httpd = make_server('', 8080, route)
    print('Running on 8080')
    httpd.serve_forever()

D.

import cgi
from datetime import datetime
def not_found(environ, start_response):
    start_response('404 Not Found', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
    return [b'Not Found']
class Route:
    def __init__(self):
        self.route = {}
    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        path = environ['PATH_INFO']
        params = cgi.FieldStorage(environ['wsgi.input'], environ=environ)
        method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD'].lower()
        environ['params'] = {k: params.getvalue(k) for k in params}
        handler = self.route.get((method, path), not_found)
        return handler(environ, start_response)
    def register(self, method, path, function):
        self.route[method.lower(), path] = function
        return function
_hello_user = """
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Hello {user}</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>{con_time}: Hello {user}!</h1>
    </body>
</html>
"""
def hello_user(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
    params = environ['params']
    response = _hello_user.format(user=params.get('user'), con_time=datetime.now())
    yield response.encode('utf-8')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
    route = Route()
    route.register('GET', '/hello', hello_user)
    httpd = make_server('', 8080, route)
    print('Running on 8080')
    httpd.serve_forever()

正确答案： D

5. 第 5 题：客户端认证

知识点描述：在服务器中实现客户端连接认证功能。
问题描述：实现一个连接握手，用于进行高效认证，请从以下选项中选出你认为正确的选项：
A.

import hmac
import os
def client_auth(conn, secret_key):
    message = conn.recv(64)
    hash = hmac.new(secret_key, message)
    digest = hash.digest()
    conn.send(digest)
def server_auth(conn, secret_key):
    message = os.urandom(64)
    conn.send(message)
    hash = hmac.new(secret_key, message)
    digest = hash.digest()
    resp = conn.recv(len(digest))
    return digest == resp

B.

import hmac
import os
def client_auth(conn, secret_key):
    message = conn.recv(64)
    hash = hmac.new(secret_key, message)
    digest = hash.digest()
    conn.send(digest)
def server_auth(conn, secret_key):
    message = os.urandom(64)
    conn.send(message)
    hash = hmac.new(secret_key, message)
    digest = hash.digest()
    resp = conn.recv(len(digest))
    return hmac.compare_digest(digest, resp)

C.

import hmac
import os
def client_auth(conn, secret_key):
    message = conn.recv(64)
    hash = hmac.new(secret_key, message)
    digest = hash.digest()
    conn.send(digest)
def server_auth(conn, secret_key):
    message = os.urandom(64)
    conn.send(message)
    hash = hmac.new(secret_key, message)
    digest = hash.digest()
    resp = conn.recv(digest)
    return hmac.compare_digest(digest, resp)

D.

import hmac
import os
def client_auth(conn, secret_key):
    message = conn.recv(64)
    hash = hmac.new(secret_key, message)
    digest = hash.digest()
    return digest
def server_auth(conn, secret_key):
    message = os.urandom(64)
    conn.send(message)
    hash = hmac.new(secret_key, message)
    digest = hash.digest()
    resp = conn.recv(len(digest))
    return hmac.compare_digest(digest, resp)

正确答案： B

6. 第 6 题：远程方法的调用

知识点描述：执行运行在服务器上的 Python 程序中的函数或方法。
问题描述：实现一个远程调用，以在远程服务器上执行简单的加减运算，请从以下选项中选出你认为正确的答案：
A.

from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer
class AlgFunction:
    _rpc_methods = ['add', 'sub', 'show']
    def __init__(self, address):
        self._result = []
        self._server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(address, allow_none=False)
        for name in self._rpc_methods:
            self._server.register_function(getattr(self, name))
    def add(self, num_a, num_b):
        self._result.append(num_a + num_b)
        return num_a + num_b
    def sub(self, num_a, num_b):
        self._result.append(num_a - num_b)
        return num_a - num_b
    def show(self):
        return self._result
    def serve_forever(self):
        self._server.serve_forever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    algServer = AlgFunction(('', 25000))
    algServer.serve_forever()

B.

from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer
class AlgFunction:
    _rpc_methods = ['add', 'sub', 'show']
    def __init__(self, address):
        self._result = []
        self._server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(address, allow_none=False)
        for name in self._rpc_methods:
            self._server.register_function(getattr(self, name))
    def add(self, num_a, num_b):
        self._result.append(num_a + num_b)
        return num_a + num_b
    def sub(self, num_a, num_b):
        self._result.append(num_a - num_b)
        return num_a - num_b
    def show(self):
        return self._result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    algServer = AlgFunction(('', 25000))
    algServer.serve_forever()

C.

from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer
class AlgFunction:
    _rpc_methods = ['add', 'sub', 'show']
    def __init__(self, address):
        self._result = []
        self._server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(address, allow_none=False)
        for name in self._rpc_methods:
            self._server.register_function(getattr(self, name))
    def add(self, num_a, num_b):
        self._result.append(num_a + num_b)
        return num_a + num_b
    def sub(self, num_a, num_b):
        self._result.append(num_a - num_b)
        return num_a - num_b
    def show(self):
        return self._result
    def serve_forever(self):
        self._server.serve_forever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    algServer = AlgFunction(('', 25000))

D.

from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer
class AlgFunction:
    _rpc_methods = ['add', 'sub', 'show']
    def __init__(self, address):
        self._result = []
        self._server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(address, allow_none=False)
    def add(self, num_a, num_b):
        self._result.append(num_a + num_b)
        return num_a + num_b
    def sub(self, num_a, num_b):
        self._result.append(num_a - num_b)
        return num_a - num_b
    def show(self):
        return self._result
    def serve_forever(self):
        self._server.serve_forever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    algServer = AlgFunction(('', 25000))
    algServer.serve_forever()

正确答案： A

7. 第 7 题：在网络服务中添加 SSL

知识点描述：客户端和服务器通过 SSL 协议认证并加密传输的数据。
问题描述：实现一个基于 sockets 的网络服务，客户端和服务器通过 SSL 协议认证并加密传输的数据，请从以下选项中选出你认为正确的答案：
A.

import ssl
from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM
key_file = 'serv_key.pem'
cert_file = 'serv_cert.pem'
def simple_client(s):
    while True:
        mess = s.recv(2048)
        if mess == b'':
            break
        s.sendto(mess)
    print('Connection closed.')
def simple_server(addr):
    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
    s.bind(addr)
    s.listen(1)
    s_ssl = ssl.wrap_socket(s, keyfile=key_file, certfile=cert_file, server_side=True)
    while True:
        c, a = s_ssl.accept()
        print('Got connection: ', c, a)
        simple_client(c)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    simple_server(('', 5000))

B.

import ssl
from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM
key_file = 'serv_key.pem'
cert_file = 'serv_cert.pem'
def simple_client(s):
    while True:
        mess = s.recv(2048)
        if mess == b'':
            break
        s.sendto(mess)
    s.close()
    print('Connection closed.')
def simple_server(addr):
    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
    s.bind(addr)
    s.listen(1)
    s_ssl = ssl.wrap_socket(s, keyfile=key_file, certfile=cert_file, server_side=True)
    while True:
        c, a = s_ssl.accept()
        print('Got connection: ', c, a)
        simple_client(c)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    simple_server(('', 5000))

C.

import ssl
from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM
key_file = 'serv_key.pem'
cert_file = 'serv_cert.pem'
def simple_client(s):
    while True:
        mess = s.recv(2048)
        if mess == b'':
            break
        s.send(mess)
    s.close()
    print('Connection closed.')
def simple_server(addr):
    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
    s.bind(addr)
    s_ssl = ssl.wrap_socket(s, keyfile=key_file, certfile=cert_file, server_side=True)
    while True:
        c, a = s_ssl.accept()
        print('Got connection: ', c, a)
        simple_client(c)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    simple_server(('', 5000))

D.

import ssl
from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM
key_file = 'serv_key.pem'
cert_file = 'serv_cert.pem'
def simple_client(s):
    while True:
        mess = s.recv(2048)
        if mess == b'':
            break
        s.send(mess)
    s.close()
    print('Connection closed.')
def simple_server(addr):
    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
    s.bind(addr)
    s.listen(1)
    s_ssl = ssl.wrap_socket(s, keyfile=key_file, certfile=cert_file, server_side=True)
    while True:
        c, a = s_ssl.accept()
        print('Got connection: ', c, a)
        simple_client(c)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    simple_server(('', 5000))

正确答案：D

8. 第 8 题：大型数组的发送与接受

知识点描述：通过网络连接发送和接受大型数组。
问题描述：通过网络连接发送和接受大型数组，并使用尽可能少的复制操作，请从以下选项中选出你认为正确的答案：
A.

def send_from(arr, dest):
    view = memoryview(arr).cast('A')
    while len(view):
        nsent = dest.send(view)
        view = view[nsent:]
def recv_into(arr, source):
    view = memoryview(arr).cast('A')
    while len(view):
        nrecv = source.recv_into(view)
        view = view[nrecv:]

B.

def send_from(arr, dest):
    view = memoryview(arr).cast('B')
    while len(view):
        nsent = dest.send(view)
        view = view[nsent:]
def recv_into(arr, source):
    view = memoryview(arr).cast('B')
    while len(view):
        nrecv = source.recv_into(view)
        view = view[nrecv:]

C.

def send_from(arr, dest):
    view = memoryview(arr).cast('A')
    while len(view):
        nsent = dest.send(view)
        view = view[nsent:]
def recv_into(arr, source):
    view = memoryview(arr).cast('A')
    while len(view):
        nrecv = source.recvfrom(view)
        view = view[nrecv:]

D.

def send_from(arr, dest):
    view = memoryview(arr).cast('B')
    while len(view):
        nsent = dest.send(view)
        view = view[nsent:]
def recv_into(arr, source):
    view = memoryview(arr).cast('B')
    while len(view):
        nrecv = source.recvfrom(view)
        view = view[nrecv:]

正确答案：B

试题代码地址

https://codechina.csdn.net/LOVEmy134611/python_problem