文章目录
一: MHA的简介
- 目前在MySQL高可用方面是一个相对成熟的解决方案,它由日本人youshimaton开发,是一套优秀的作为MySQL高可用性环境下故障切换和主从提升的高可用软件。
- 在MySQL故障 切换过程中,MHA能做到0~30秒之内自动完成数据库的故障切换操作,并且在进行故障切换的过程中,MHA能最大程度上保证数据库的一致性,以达到真正意义上的高可用。
- 当Master出现故障时,它可以自动将最新数据的Slave提升为新的Master,然后将所有其他的Slave重新指向新的Master。整个故障转移过程对应用程序是完全透明的。
1.1: MHA的组成
- MHA Manager (管理节点):
Manager可以单独部署在一台独立的机器上管理多个master-slave集群,也可以部署在一台slave节点上。 - MHA Node (数据节点):
Node运行在每台MySQL服务器上,MHA Manager会定时探测集群中的master节点,当master出现故障时,它可以自动将最新数据的slave提升为新的master,然后将所有其他的slave重新指向新的master。
1.2: MHA特点
- 自动故障切换过程中,MHA试图从宕机的主服务器.上保存二进制日志,最大程度的保证数据的不丢失
- 使用MySQL 5.5的半同步复制,可以大大降低数据丢失的风险
二: MHA的案例
2.1: 案例需求
- 本案例要求通过MHA监控MySQL数据库在故障时进行自动切换,不影响业务。
2.2: 案例实现思路
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1、 安装MySQL数据库
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2、 配置MySQl一主两从
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3、 安装MHA软件
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4、 配置无密码认证
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5、 配置MySQL MHA 高可用
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6、 模拟 master 故障切换
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实验环境
主机名 | IP地址 | 系统 | 软件包 |
---|---|---|---|
mysql1(master) | 192.168.100.150(虚拟:192.168.100.200) | centos7.6 | mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz |
mysql2(slave1) | 192.168.100.160 | centos7.6 | |
mysql3(slave2) | 192.168.100.170 | centos7.6 | |
manager | 192.168.100.130 | centos7.6 | mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz |
- 需要安装包的可以私聊我
- 拓扑图
2.3:实验目的
- 通过MHA监控MySQL数据库,在故障时自动进行切换,不影响业务
- 当主库失效时,备选主库自动成为主库
2.4:编译安装mysql并配置主从服务
- 因为操作系统是centos7,所以要下载MHA 0.57版本
- 在三台MySQL 节点上分别安装数据库,MySQL版本请使用5.6.36,cmake版本请使用2.8.6。下面只在Mysql1上面做演示,安装过程如下。
2.4.1:安装编译依赖的环境
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[root@Mysql1~]# yum install ncurses-devel gcc-c++ perl-Module-Install -y
2.4.2:安装gmake编译软件
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//上传mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz [root@Mysql1~]# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz [root@Mysql1 ~]# cd cmake-2.8.6 [root@Mysql1 cmake-2.8.6]# ./configure [root@Mysql1 cmake-2.8.6]# gmake && gmake install
2.4.3: 安装MySQL数据库
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[root@Mysql1~ ]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz [root@Mysql1 ~]# cd mysql-5.6.36 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITII_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DSYSCONFDTR=/etc make && make install cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld cd ~ chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile groupadd mysql useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql -g mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql mkdir -p /data/mysql /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data \ --user=mysql /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data \ --user=mysql
2.4.4: 修改Master的主配置文件/etc/my.cnf文件
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[root@Mysql1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id = 1 log_bin = master-bin log-slave-updates = true
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配置从服务器
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[root@Mysql2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 2 log_bin = master-bin relay-log = relay-log-bin relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index [root@Mysql3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 3 log_bin = master-bin relay-log = relay-log-bin relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
2.4.5: Mysql1、Mysql2、Mysql3分别做两个软链接
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ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/ ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/sbin/
2.4.6: Mysql1、Mysql2、Mysql3启动MySQL
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systemctl stop firewalld setenforce 0 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & netstat -ntap | grep 3306
2.4.7: 配置MySQL一主两从
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MySQL主从配置相对比较简单。需要注意的是授权。步骤如下:
在所有数据库节点上授权两个用户,一个是从库同步使用,另外一个是manager使用。 -
grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.100.%' identified by '123'; grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'192.168.100.%' identified by 'manager'; flush privileges;
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下面三条授权按理论是不用添加的,但是做案例实验环境时候通过MHA检查MySQL主从有报错,
报两个从库通过主机名连接不上主库,所以所有数据库加上下面的授权。grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'Mysql1' identified by 'manager'; grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'Mysql2' identified by 'manager'; grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'Mysql3' identified by 'manager'; flush privileges;
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在Mysq1主机上查看二进制文件和同步点
mysql> show master status; +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | master-bin.000001 | 1294 | | | | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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接下来在Mysql2和Mysql3分别执行同步。
change master to master_host='192.168.100.150',master_user='myslave',master_password='123',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=1294; flush privileges; start slave;
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查看IO和SQL线程都是yes代表同步是否正常。
show slave status\G; ... Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 必须设置两个从库为只读模式: set global read_only=1; flush privileges;
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设置完成直接验证主从复制功能
2.5: 部署MHA
2.5.1: 所有服务器上都安装MHA依赖的环境,首先安装epel源
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yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \ perl-Config-Tiny \ perl-Log-Dispatch \ perl-Parallel-ForkManager \ perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \ perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \ perl-CPAN
2.5.2: 一主两从安装node组件
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MHA 软件包对于每个操作系统版本不一样,这里CentOS7.4必须选择0.57版本,注意:所有服务器上必须先安装node组件,最后在MHA-manager节点上安装manager组件,因为manager依赖node组件,下面都是在Mysql1上操作演示安装node组件。
//上传mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz 到家目录 tar zxvf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz cd mha4mysql-node-0.57 perl Makefile.PL make && make install
2.5.3: 在MHA-manager上安装manager组件
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仅在MHA-manager上安装manager组件(!注意:一定要先安装node组件才能安装manager组件)
cd ~ tar zxvf mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz cd mha4mysql-manager-0.57 perl Makefile.PL make && make install
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manager安装后在/usr/local/bin下面会生成几个工具,主要包括以下几个,一定要有,不能漏
masterha_check_ssh检查MHA的SSH配置状况 masterha_check_repl检查MySQL复制状况 masterha_manger启动manager的脚本 masterha_check_status检测当前MHA运行状态 masterha_master_monitor检测master是否宕机 masterha_master_switch控制故障转移(自动或者手动) masterha_conf_host添加或删除配置的server信息 masterha_stop关闭manager
2.5.4: 检查node安装后/usr/local/bin生成的脚本
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node安装后也会在/usr/local/bin下面会生成几个脚本(这些工具通常由MHA_Manager的脚本触发,无需人为操作)主要如下:
save_binary_logs保存和复制master的二进制日志 apply_diff_relay_logs 识别差异的中继日志事件并将其差异的事件应用于其他的slave filter_mysqlbinlog去除不必要的ROLLBACK事件(MHA已不再使用这个工具) purge_relay_logs清除中继日志(不会阻塞SQL线程)
2.5.5: 配置无密码认证
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在manager上配置到所有数据库节点的无密码认证
[root@mha-manager ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa //一路按回车键 [root@mha-manager ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.150 //输入yes 及150的root密码 [root@mha-manager ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.160 [root@mha-manager ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.170
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在Mysql1上配置到数据库节点Mysql2和Mysql3的无密码认证
[root@Mysql1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa [root@MysqI1 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.160 [root@Mysql1 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.170
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在Mysql2上配置到数据库节点MysqI1和Mysql3的无密码认证
[root@Mysql2 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa [root@Mysql2 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.150 [root@Mysql2 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.170
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在Mysql3上配置到数据库节点Mysql1和Mysql2的无密码认证
[root@Mysql3 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa [root@Mysql3 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.150 [root@Mysql3 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.160
2.5.6: 配置MHA
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在manager节点上复制相关脚本到/usr/local/bin目录
[root@mha-manager~]# cp -ra /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin //拷贝后会有四个执行文件 [root@MHA-manager ~]#ll/usr/local/bin/scripts/ 总用量32 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 36485月312015 master_ip_failover #自动切换时VIP管理的脚本 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 98725月2509:07 master_ip_online_change #在线切换时vip的管理 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql118675月312015 power_manager #故障发生后关闭主机的脚本 -rwxr-Xr-x 1 mysql mysql 13605月312015 send_report #因故障切换后发送报警的脚本
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复制上述的自动切换时VIP管理的脚本到/usr/local/bin目录,这里使用脚本管理VIP
[root@mha-manager~]# cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin
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修改内容如下:(删除原有内容,直接复制)
[root@MHA-manager ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover #!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings FATAL => 'all'; use Getopt::Long; my ( $command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port ); ###################################################################### my $vip = '192.168.195.200'; #指定虚拟VIP地址,注意这里要和master主机一个网段 my $brdc = '192.168.195.255'; #指定广播地址 my $ifdev = 'ens33'; #虚拟地址的网卡名称 my $key = '1'; my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip"; my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down"; my $exit_code = 0; #my $ssh_start_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr add $vip/24 brd $brdc dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip;iptables -F;"; #my $ssh_stop_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr del $vip/24 dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key"; ############################################################################ GetOptions( 'command=s' => \$command, 'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user, 'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host, 'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip, 'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port, 'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host, 'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip, 'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port, ); exit &main(); sub main { print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n"; if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) { my $exit_code = 1; eval { print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n"; &stop_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if ($@) { warn "Got Error: $@\n"; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "start" ) { my $exit_code = 10; eval { print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n"; &start_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if ($@) { warn $@; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "status" ) { print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n"; exit 0; } else { &usage(); exit 1; } } sub start_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`; } # A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master sub stop_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`; } sub usage { print "Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n"; }
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创建MHA软件目录并拷贝配置文件
[root@MHA-manager ~]# cd /usr/local/bin/scripts/ [root@MHA-manager scripts]# cp master_ip_online_change /usr/local/bin/ [root@MHA-manager scripts]# cp send_report /usr/local/ [root@MHA-manager ~]# mkdir /etc/masterha [root@MHA-manager ~]# cp /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha [root@MHA-manager ~]# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf [server default] manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 'manager日志' manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1 'manager工作目录' master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data 'master保存binlog的位置,也是master的数据存放路径 master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover '设置自动failover时候的切换脚本,也就是上边的那个脚本' master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change '设置手动切换时候的切换脚本' user=mha '设置监控用户root' password=manager '#设置mysql中root用户的密码,这个密码是前文中创建监控用户的那个密码' ping_interval=1 '设置监控主库,发送ping包的时间间隔,默认是3秒,尝试三次没有回应的时候自动进行rail remote_workdir=/tmp '设置远端mysql在发生切换时binlog的保存位置' repl_password=123 '设置复制用户的密码,这里对应主从复制授权的账户和密码' repl_user=myslave '设置复制用户的用户' secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.100.160 -s 192.168.100.170 '设置从服务器的地址' shutdown_script="" '设置故障发生后关闭故障主机脚本(该脚本的主要作用是关闭主机放在发生脑裂,这里没有使用)' ssh_user=root '设置ssh的登录用户名' [server1] 'master节点' hostname=192.168.100.150 port=3306 [server2] 'salve1' hostname=192.168.100.160 port=3306 candidate_master=1 '设置为候选master' check_repl_delay=0 '默认情况下如果一个slave落后master 100M的relay logs 的话,mha将不会选择该slave作为一个新的master' [server3] 'slave2' hostname=192.168.100.170 port=3306
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测试ssh无密码认证,如果正常最后会输出successfully
[root@mha-manager~]# masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf ...... Fri Aug 28 12:42:39 2020 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully. '这一步有问题说明秘钥分发问题'
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检查健康状况(关键)
[root@mha-manager ~]# masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.100.160.. Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [info] ok. Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.100.170.. Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [info] ok. Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status: Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [info] /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=192.168.100.150 --orig_master_ip=192.168.100.150 --orig_master_port=3306 IN SCRIPT TEST====/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 down==/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.100.200=== Checking the Status of the script.. OK Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [info] OK. Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined. Fri Aug 28 16:20:51 2020 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead). MySQL Replication Health is OK.
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注意:第一次配置需要去master上手动开启虚拟IP
[root@Mysql1 ~]# /sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.100.200/24
2.5.7: 启动MHA
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[root@mha-manager ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
--remove_dead_master_conf该参数代表当发生主从切换后,老的主库的ip将会从配置文件中移除 --manger_log日志存放位置 --ignore_last_failover在缺省情况下,如果MHA 检测到连续发生宕机,且两次宕机间隔不足8小时的话,则不会进行Failover,之所以这样限制是为了避免ping-pong效应。
2.5.8: 查看MHA状态
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[root@mha-manager~]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf app1 (pid:70465) is running(0:PING_OK), master:192.168.100.150
2.5.9: 查看MHA状日志
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[root@mha-manager ~]# cat /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log ....... IN SCRIPT TEST====/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 down==/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.100.200=== .........
2.5.10: Mysql1的VIP地址192.168.100.200是否存在?
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[root@mysql1 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.100.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 inet6 fe80::7264:7578:de4e:190 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 fe80::9433:6cdb:ee1d:7b3d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:17:9c:75 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 101492 bytes 130137031 (124.1 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 43150 bytes 7281255 (6.9 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.100.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 ether 00:0c:29:17:9c:75 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
2.6: 进行高可用验证
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在mha服务器上启动监控观察日志记录
[root@mha-manager ~]# tailf /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
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关闭mysql1中的mysql服务,此时再次查看VIP地址,mysql1中已消失,飘到主备服务器
[root@mysql1 ~]# pkill -9 mysql
[root@mysql2 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.100.160 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 inet6 fe80::1bbb:ba05:a579:42dd prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:9f:ee:79 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 100963 bytes 130156228 (124.1 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 40046 bytes 6979445 (6.6 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.100.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 ether 00:0c:29:9f:ee:79 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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mha日志查看
Invalidated master IP address on 192.168.100.150(192.168.100.150:3306) The latest slave 192.168.100.160(192.168.100.160:3306) has all relay logs for recovery. Selected 192.168.100.160(192.168.100.160:3306) as a new master. 192.168.100.160(192.168.100.160:3306): OK: Applying all logs succeeded. 192.168.100.160(192.168.100.160:3306): OK: Activated master IP address. 192.168.100.170(192.168.100.170:3306): This host has the latest relay log events. Generating relay diff files from the latest slave succeeded. 192.168.100.170(192.168.100.170:3306): OK: Applying all logs succeeded. Slave started, replicating from 192.168.100.160(192.168.100.160:3306) 192.168.100.160(192.168.100.160:3306): Resetting slave info succeeded. Master failover to 192.168.100.160(192.168.100.160:3306) completed successfully. 'master已经成功切换到备用160上面'
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manager上查看
[root@mha-manager bin]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf app1 (pid:72487) is running(0:PING_OK), master:192.168.100.160
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以上说明mha功能已经实现当master故障,会把主服务器到主-备服务器上,继续维持主从关系
2.7 MHA报错排查
Sun Aug 20 20:10:59 2020 - [info] Executing command: save_binary_logs --command=test --start_pos=4 --binlog_dir=/data/mysqllog/3306 --output_file=/masterha/app1/save_binary_logs_test --manager_version=0.55 --start_file=mysql-bin.000001
Sun Aug 20 20:10:59 2020 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.100.150(192.168.100.150)..
Failed to save binary log: Binlog not found from /data/mysqllog/3306! If you got this error at MHA Manager, please set "master_binlog_dir=/path/to/binlog_directory_of_the_master" correctly in the MHA Manager's configuration file and try again.
at /usr/bin/save_binary_logs line 117.
eval {...} called at /usr/bin/save_binary_logs line 66
main::main() called at /usr/bin/save_binary_logs line 62
Sun Aug 20 20:10:59 2020 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln154] Master setting check failed!
Sun Aug 20 20:10:59 2020 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln367] Master configuration failed.
Sun Aug 20 20:10:59 2020 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln386] Error happend on checking configurations. at /usr/bin/masterha_check_repl line 48.
Sun Aug 20 20:10:59 2020 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln482] Error happened on monitoring servers.
Sun Aug 20 20:10:59 2020 - [info] Got exit code 1 (Not master dead).
解决方案:
/etc/masterha/aap1.cnf中的datadir路径应该是mysql中bin-log的位置
-查看master二进制日志位置
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