配置Servlet时,还可以增加额外的配置参数.通过使用配置参数,可以实现提供更好的可移植性,避免将参数以硬编码方式写在程序代码块中:
为Servlet配置参数有两种方式
1.通过@webServlet的initParams属性来指定
2.通过seb.xml文件的<Servlet/>元素中添加<init-param/>子元素来指定.
访问Servlet配置参数通过ServletConfig对象完成,ServletConfig提供的方法:
java.lang.String.getIintParameter(String name):获取初始化参数
案例:连接数据库
TestConfig.jsp
package Servlet;
import java.awt.List;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import entiity.Student;
/**
* Servlet implementation class TestConfig
*/
@WebServlet(name = "TestConfig", urlPatterns = { "/TestConfig" }, initParams = {
@WebInitParam(name = "driver", value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"),
@WebInitParam(name = "url", value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"),
@WebInitParam(name = "user", value = "root"), @WebInitParam(name = "pass", value = "123456") })
public class TestConfig extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public TestConfig() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// config是jsp的内置对象,但并不是Servlet的,使用时先获取
ServletConfig config = getServletConfig();
String driver = config.getInitParameter("driver");
String user = config.getInitParameter("user");
String pass = config.getInitParameter("pass");
String url = config.getInitParameter("url");
ArrayList<Student> al = new ArrayList<Student>();
try {
// 连接数据库
// 第一步:加载驱动
Class.forName(driver);
// 第二步:连接数据库
java.sql.Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pass);
// 创建Statement对象,执行sql语句必须取得java.sql.Statement对象,它是SQL语句的代表对象
java.sql.Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
/*
* 1. 执行sql语句,通常会有返回值,所以需要创建一个结果集来接返回值,根据不同返回值类型创建,这 里需要结果集.
* 2.executeQuer主要用来执行不对数据库更新的SQL,比如查询
* 3.executeUpdate主要用来执行会改变数据内容的SQL,比如create table,insert,drop
* table,alter table
*/
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("select *from student");
// 遍历读取数据,输出到控制台
while (resultSet.next()) {
// 创建一个实体对象,存储数据
Student student = new Student();
student.setName(resultSet.getString(1));// 1:代表数据索引
student.setPassword(resultSet.getString(2));
al.add(student);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
Student student = new Student();
student = al.get(i);
System.out.println(student.getName() + student.getPassword());
}
}
}
getStudentData.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="TestConfig" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="获取数据库信息">
</form>
</body>
</html>
如下图:
由于用Servlet在页面输出写html太繁琐,就用控制台显示输出了
提交后:
数据库信息