Python之if

对于if，文档是这么描述的：

Any object can be tested for truth value, for use in
an if or while condition or as operand of the Boolean
operations below. The following values are considered false:
1. None
2. False
3. zero of any numeric type, for example, 0, 0.0, 0j.
4. any empty sequence, for example, ”, (), [].
5. any empty mapping, for example, {}.
6. instances of user-defined classes, if the class defines
a bool() or len() method, when that method
returns the integer zero or bool value False.

All other values are considered true — so objects of many types are always true.

Operations and built-in functions
that have a Boolean result always return 0 or False for false and 1 or True for true,
unless otherwise stated.
(Important exception: the Boolean operations or and and always return one of their operands.)

基本语法

if 条件:
    处理代码

if 条件:
    处理代码
else:
    处理代码

if 条件:
    处理代码
elif 条件:
    处理代码
elif 条件:
    处理代码
……
else:
    处理代码

if的基本语法就以上三种。

例子

下面用简单的例子来说明。首先是第一种结构，只有一个if：

if people_number > dogs_number:
    print("people are more than dogs")

运行结果如下：

第二种结构是最常见的结构：

#####logic#####
people_number = 20
dogs_number = 10
cats_number = 5

if people_number > dogs_number:
    print("people are more than dogs")
else:
    print("people are less than dogs")    

if people_number > cats_number:
    print("people are more than cats")
else:
    print("people are less than cats")  

if cats_number > dogs_number:
    print("cats are more than dogs")
else:
    print("cats are less than dogs")

运行结果如下：

第三种结构如下：

#####logic#####
people_number = 20
dogs_number = 10
cats_number = 5

if people_number > dogs_number:
    print("people are more than dogs")     
elif people_number > cats_number:
    print("people are more than cats")     
else:
    print("people are less than cats")  

运行结果如下：

解释

if结构是最简单的结构之一。if后面的条件如果为1，即为真，则进入if下面的执行语句，如果为假，则再进行判断或者别的操作。注意一点，缩进问题，执行语句要缩进。