C++数组的用法

PS:更多数据结构的用法详见：

八大数据结构

数组的申明

静态数组

数组大小必须是常量，常量的形式可以是数值，const关键字修饰的变量，或者是宏定义

#define LEN 10
//一维数组
int arr1[10];				
const int SIZE = 10;
int arr2[SIZE]; 
int arr3[LEN];

//二维数组
int arr4[3][4];
int arr5[SIZE][LEN];

动态数组

动态数组的大小不需要申明时就指定大小，可以通过动态内存分配

//一维数组
int len = 10;
int* ptr1 = new int[len];

//二维数组
int row = 3;
int col = 4;
int** ptr2 = new int* [row];
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
	ptr2[i] = new int[col];
}

使用vector

vector底层是通过数组实现的，支持增删改查各种操作，最大的特点是数组大小可以不用一开始就指定同时还支持动态扩容

//一维vector
int sz = 10;
vector<int> vec1;
vector<int> vec2(10);
vector<int> vec3(sz);

//二维vector
vector<vector<int>> _vec1;

数组的初始化和赋值

代码中涉及到一维二维数组作为函数参数，详细用法请见：

• 一维数组名和指针作为函数参数传递
• 二维数组名和指针作为函数参数传递

另外还有函数重载的知识，详细用法请见：

• 函数重载和运算符重载

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
#define LEN 10
void print(int arr[], int a)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < a; i++)
		cout << arr[i] << "	";
	cout << endl << endl;
}

void print(int arr[][4], int a)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < a; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
			cout << arr[i][j] << "	";
		cout << endl;
	}
	cout << endl << endl;
}

void print(int** ptr, int row, int col)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
			cout << ptr[i][j] << "	";
		cout << endl;
	}
	cout << endl << endl;
}

void printVec(vector<int> vec, int size)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		cout << vec[i] << "	";
	cout << endl << endl;
}

void printVec(vector<vector<int>> vec)
{
	int row = vec.size();
	if (row == 0)
		return;
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		int col = vec[i].size();
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
			cout << vec[i][j] << "	";
		cout << endl;
	}
	cout << endl << endl;
}
int main()
{
	//数组的定义
	//静态数组
	int arr1[6];			//默认全是0
	int arr2[6] = {1,2};	//数组前两位为1,2，后面的全为0
	int arr3[6];			//数组的值等于它的下标
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
		arr3[i] = i;
	cout << "打印静态数组" << endl;
	print(arr1, 6);
	print(arr2, 6);
	print(arr3, 6);

	//动态数组
	cout << "打印动态数组" << endl;
	int* ptr1 = new int[6]{ 1,2 };			//数组前两位为1.2.后面的全为0
	int* ptr2 = new int[6];
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
		ptr2[i] = i;

	print(ptr1, 6);
	print(ptr2, 6);

	//二维数组
	//静态数组
	int _arr1[3][4];						//数组的值未定义
	int _arr2[3][4] = { {1,2} ,{3} };		//数组第0行为1 2 0,0.第1行为3 0 0,0.第2行为0 0 0,0
	int _arr3[3][4];						//数组第0行为0,1,2,3,。第1行为3,4,5,6.第三行为6,7,8,9
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
		{
			_arr3[i][j] = i * 3 + j;
		}
	}
	cout << "打印二维静态数组" << endl;
	print(_arr1, 3);
	print(_arr2, 3);
	print(_arr3, 3);

	//动态数组
	int row = 3;
	int col = 4;
	int** _ptr1 = new int*[row];
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
		_ptr1[i] = new int[col];
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
			_ptr1[i][j] = i * row + j;
	}
	cout << "打印二维动态数组" << endl;
	print(_ptr1, row, col);

	//vector
	vector<int> vec1;			//空vector
	vector<int> vec2{ 1,2 };	//vector大小为2，元素为1,2
	vector<int> vec3(6,1);		//vector大小为6.元素都为1
	cout << "打印一维vector" << endl;
	printVec(vec1, 0);
	printVec(vec2, 2);
	printVec(vec3, 6);

	cout << "打印二维vector" << endl;
	vector<vector<int>> _vec1;				//空vector
	vector<vector<int>> _vec2{ {1,2},{3}};
	vector<vector<int>> _vec3(3,vector<int>(4,1));
	printVec(_vec1);
	printVec(_vec2);
	printVec(_vec3);
}

运行结果