IPv4 address: 长度为32 bits - 4 octets (8bits = octet)
Netmask: apply this mask, if it matches, they are in the same network(局域网)
即If (A & Netmask == B & Netmask) then they are in the same network.
比如用 Netmask of 255.255.255.0 即 0xffffff00
means if the first 24 bits of two IP addresses are the same
IPv4 address structure historically: