python 列表操作提取key,value

#列表
fruits = [
	{'name':'apple','price':'20'},
	{'name':'avocado','price':'15'},
	{'name':'orange','price':'11'}
]
fruit_name =[]
#遍历列表 获取到key对应的值
#方法一，正常方法
for fruit in fruits:
	print(fruit)
	fruit_name.append(fruit['name'])
print(fruit_name)  #>>['apple', 'avocado', 'orange']

#方法二
fruit_name1 = [fruit1 for fruit1 in fruits]
print(fruit_name1)  #>> [{'name': 'apple', 'price': '20'}, {'name': 'avocado', 'price': '15'}, {'name': 'orange', 'price': '11'}]
fruit_name2 = [fruit2['name'] for fruit2 in fruits]
print(fruit_name2)  #>> ['apple', 'avocado', 'orange'] 和方法一的结果一致
#甚至可以加上判断条件
fruit_name3 = [fruit3['name'] for fruit3 in fruits if fruit3['name'][0] == 'a']  # 输出第一个字母是a的水果
print(fruit_name3)  #['apple', 'avocado']

#遍历列表，并且直接输出key
fruit_name4 = {fruit4['name']:fruit4['price'] for fruit4 in fruits}
print(fruit_name4)  #>> {'apple': '20', 'avocado': '15', 'orange': '11'}