一、实验目的
1.从计算和程序的角度分析问题。
2.进一步理解彩色空间的概念并掌握不同彩色空间转换的基本方程。
3.通过逐步设计程序,掌握编程细节:如查找表的设计,内存分配,对U和V信号进行下采样,文件读写过程等。掌握城促调试基本方法。
二、实验基础
彩色空间转换的基本思想及相互转换
- YUV和RGB空间的相互转换
Y=0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B
R-Y=0.7010R-0.5870G-0.1140B
B-Y=-0.2990R-0.5870G+0.8860B
为了使色差信号的动态范围控制在0.5之间,需要进行归一化,对色差信号引入压缩
系数。归一化后的色差信号为:
U=-0.1684R-0.3316G+0.5B
V=0.5R-0.4187G-0.0813B - 码电平分配及数字表达式
在对分量信号进行8比特均匀量化时,共分为256个等间隔的量化级。为了防止信号变动造成过载,在256级上端留20级,下端留16级作为信号超越动态范围的保护带。色差信号经过归一化处理后,动态范围为-0.5-0.5,让色差零电平对应码电平128,色差信号总共占225个量化级。在256级上端留15级,下端留16级作为信号超越动态范围的保护带。 - 色度格式
4:2:0格式是指色差信号U,V的取样频率为亮度信号取样频率的四分之一,在水平方向和垂直方向上的取样点数均为Y的一半。
三、实验内容
由上文的RGB转YUV公式可以得到YUV转RGB公式为:
R=Y+1.4075V;
G=Y-0.3455U-0.7169V;
B=Y+1.7790U;
(主要是在老师所给代码的基础上进行一些修改)
在调试老师代码前注意改一下设置SDL检查为否
部分代码:
yuv2rgb.h
int YUV2RGB (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
yuv2rgb.cpp
查找表:
static float YUVRGB14075[256], YUVRGB03455[256];
static float YUVRGB17790[256], YUVRGB07169[256];
void InitLookupTable()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB14075[i] = (float)1.4075 * (i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB03455[i] = (float)0.3455 * (i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB07169[i] = (float)0.7169 * (i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB17790[i] = (float)1.7790 * (i-128);
}
YUV到RGB转换:
//保护电平部分参看同学的写法
for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j ++)
{
y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
u = uBuf + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
v = vBuf + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i ++) {
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
//电平保护,低于0时为0,高于255时为255,
float r0, g0, b0;
r0 = ((*y) + YUVRGB14075[(*v) - 128]);
b0 = ((*y) - YUVRGB03455[(*u) - 128] - YUVRGB07169[(*v) - 128]);
g0 = ((*y) + YUVRGB17790[(*u) - 128]);
*r = (r0 > 0 ? (r0 > 255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)r0) : 0);
*g = (r0 > 0 ? (g0 > 255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)g0) : 0);
*b = (r0 > 0 ? (b0 > 255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)b0) : 0);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
} else {
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
u = v + 1;
y = v + 2;
*r = (unsigned char)((*y) + YUVRGB14075[(*v)-128]);
*g = (unsigned char)((*y) - YUVRGB03455[(*u)-128] - YUVRGB07169[(*v)-128]);
*b = (unsigned char)((*y) + YUVRGB17790[(*u) - 128]);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
main.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"
#define u_int8_t unsigned __int8
#define u_int unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t unsigned __int32
#define FALSE false
#define TRUE true
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
/* variables controlable from command line */
u_int frameWidth = 352; /* --width=<uint> */
u_int frameHeight = 240; /* --height=<uint> */
bool flip = TRUE; /* --flip */
unsigned int i;
/* internal variables */
//缓冲区
char* rgbFileName = NULL;
char* yuvFileName = NULL;
FILE* rgbFile = NULL;
FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* yuvBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;
/* begin process command line */
/* point to the specified file names */
yuvFileName = argv[1];
rgbFileName = argv[2];
frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);
frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);
/* open the YUV file */
yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "rb");
if (yuvFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The input yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
}
/* open the RAW file */
rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "wb");
if (rgbFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The output rgb file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
}
/* get an input buffer for a frame */
yuvBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 1.5);
/* get the output buffers for a frame */
rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);
yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
if (yuvBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
{
printf("no enought memory\n");
exit(1);
}
while (fread(yuvBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 1.5, yuvFile))
{
if(YUV2RGB(frameWidth, frameHeight, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf,rgbBuf,flip))
{
printf("error");
return 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < frameWidth*frameHeight; i++)
{
yBuf[i] = yuvBuf[i];
}
for (i = 0; i < frameWidth*frameHeight/4; i++)
{
uBuf[i] = yuvBuf[(frameWidth * frameHeight) + i];
vBuf[i] = yuvBuf[int((frameWidth * frameHeight) *1.25)+i];
}
fwrite(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight*3, rgbFile);
printf("\r...%d", ++videoFramesWritten);
}
printf("\n%u %ux%u video frames written\n",
videoFramesWritten, frameWidth, frameHeight);
/* cleanup */
fclose(rgbFile);
fclose(yuvFile);
return(0);
}
设置test_01的属性并调试:
用YUVviewerPlus打开转换前
转换后:
结论:YUV和RGB肉眼很难看出色度的区别,但YUV格式为96KB而RGB为192KB,更加节约空间。