1. apply()
1.1 函数定义
Returns a vector or array or list of values obtained by applying a function to margins of an array or matrix.
apply(X, MARGIN, FUN, …)
1.2 参数列表
X: an array, including a matrix. If 'X' is not an array but an object of a class with a non-null dim value (such as a data frame), 'apply' attempts to coerce it to an array via 'as