进程间pipe通信

开始循环fork子进程，每个子进程等待前一个子进程结束后才结束

/* description: communicate between child process and parent processes
 *
 * fork every child process and arrange them being ended in order.
 *
 * date : 2015/11/23 
 *
 *
*/


#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


int number = 3;
//-----------------for pipe communication
char cmdBegin[10] = "begin";
char cmdEnd[10] = "end";


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

    // calculate running time
    struct timeval tvbegin, tvend;
    gettimeofday(&tvbegin, NULL);

    //-----------------pipe
    int (* fd) [2] = (int (*)[2]) malloc (sizeof(int) * 2 * number);
    if(pipe(fd[0]) < 0)
    {
        printf("pipe [0] error\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    write(fd[0][1], cmdEnd, strlen(cmdEnd));

    int iChild;
    for(iChild = 0; iChild < number; iChild++)
    {
        if(pipe(fd[iChild]) < 0)
        {
            printf("pipe [%d] error\n", iChild);
            exit(1);
        }


        int child = fork();
        if(child == -1)
        {
            printf("fork [%d] child process error\n", iChild);
        }
        else if(child == 0)
        {
            printf ("----child:%d began.\n", iChild + 1);



            //-----------------wait the front child process to end
            if(iChild > 0)
            {
                close(fd[iChild - 1][1]);
                char cmd [10] = {0};
                read(fd[iChild - 1][0], cmd, sizeof(cmd));
                while(strcmp(cmd, cmdEnd) != 0)
                {
                    usleep(10);
                    read(fd[iChild - 1][0], cmd, sizeof(cmd));
                }
            }
            //-----------------write the pipe
            close(fd[iChild][0]);
            write(fd[iChild][1], cmdEnd, strlen(cmdEnd));


            printf ("----child:%d ended.\n", iChild + 1);
            exit(0);
        }
    }


    //-----------------wait the last child process to end
    close(fd[iChild - 1][1]);
    char cmd [10] = {0};
    read(fd[iChild - 1][0], cmd, sizeof(cmd));
    while(strcmp(cmd, cmdEnd) != 0)
    {
        usleep(10);
        read(fd[iChild - 1][0], cmd, sizeof(cmd));
    }

    printf ("all complete!\n");


    free(fd);

    gettimeofday(&tvend, NULL);
    printf("cost %d ms\n", (tvend.tv_sec-tvbegin.tv_sec)*1000+(tvend.tv_usec-tvbegin.tv_usec)/1000);

    return 0;
}

运行结果

[root@localhost training]# ./test
—-child:2 began.
—-child:3 began.
—-child:1 began.
—-child:1 ended.
—-child:2 ended.
—-child:3 ended.
all complete!
cost 2 ms