文本处理简记

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
using namespace std;
//实验三模板 
template <class out_t,class in_t>
out_t convert(const in_t &val ){
	stringstream stream;
	stream<<val;
	out_t res;
	stream>>res;
	return res;
} 
int main(){
	freopen("stringstream.txt","r",stdin);
//试验一 区分getline() cin.get()
	cout<<"实验一"<<endl;
	char ch;
	char str[20];
//	cin.get(ch);
//	ch=cin.get();
	//用于读入一个字符 

	cin.get(str,10);
	//往str中读入9个字符 和一个'\0' 
	cout<<"cin.get= "<<str<<endl;
	//不能用string,可以先用char数组然后通过各种方法转换成string 

	cin.getline(str,10);
	//读入一个字符串包括空格
	cout<<"cin.getline= "<<str<<endl;
	//不能用string,可以先用char数组然后通过各种方法转换成string 
	
	getchar();
	getchar();
	
	string st;
	getline(cin,st);
	//只能从行头开始读起，且不会留下行尾回车符等 
	cout<<"getline= "<<st<<endl;
	// 读入一个字符串，包括空格，需挂头文件<string>,参数不能是char数组 

	gets(str);
	cout<<"gets= "<<str<<endl;
	//与getline()基本相同 
	//cin.getline()，gets()可以用在多多维数组里面
	getchar();
	//常用于读入一个整型后读入字符时，把回车读掉
	 
//实验二    多行读入
	cout<<"实验二："<<endl; 
	string total="";
	while(getline(cin,st)){
		total+=st;
	} 
	istringstream csin(total);
	cout<<"整个文本文件的字符串如下："<<total<<"$"<<endl; 
	string tt;
	while(csin>>tt)
		cout<<tt<<endl;
	
//实验三  stringstream通过做类型转换
	cout<<"实验三："<<endl; 
	float price=12.588; 
	st=convert<string>(price); 
 	cout<<"$"+st<<endl;//证明一下它是个string
	 //不能实现string 和C风格字符串的转换
	 
//实验四   C风格字符串 与 string 之间的相互转换问题
	cout<<"实验四"<<endl;
	
	cout<<"char* 或 char[] 转string"<<endl;
	char *csty="dsafdsafds";
	string strsty=csty;
	cout<<csty<<endl; 
	char cty[]="asdfghj";
	strsty=csty;
	cout<<strsty<<endl;
	
	cout<<"string 转 C-style字符串"<<endl;
	
	string affair;
	affair="I am having lunch.";
	const char *aff;
	//这个必须是const  
	aff=affair.c_str();
	cout<<affair.c_str()<<endl;
	const char *p=affair.data(); 
	//必须是const
	
	affair="He is sleeping."; 
	char q[40]; 
	affair.copy(q,affair.length(),0);
	//（存储的变量，复制字符个数，复制的位置） 
	//这个可以不是const，比较灵活 
	*(q+affair.length())='\0';    
	//加上结束符
	cout<<q;
	return 0;
} 

stringstream.txt :

abcdefghijklmnopqr
stuvwxyz
This header defines macros to access the individual arguments of a list of unnamed arguments whose number and types are not known to the called function.
A function may accept a varying number of additional arguments without corresponding parameter declarations by including a comma and three dots (,...) after its regular named parameters:
return_type function_name ( parameter_declarations , ... ); 
To access these additional arguments the macros va_start, va_arg and va_end, declared in this header, can be used:
First, va_start initializes the list of variable arguments as a va_list.
Subsequent executions of va_arg yield the values of the additional arguments in the same order as passed to the function.
Finally, va_end shall be executed before the function returns.