CSDN记录我的Android之旅——
还记得之前在做胎压监测时犯的一个错误,当时甚至不知道屏幕旋转会造成当前Activity销毁,结果当一进来应用,默认打开一个线程,屏幕翻转时出现AFC,基础有限,困扰了我很长时间。
其实,当用户没有指定屏幕方向和configChanges时,屏幕偏转会导致当前Activity销毁,并重建,恢复大量数据,如果处理不好则很容易出现异常。比如我的情况,屏幕翻转,onCreate重新启动时,再次启动线程,而上一个线程还没有停止,并且在线程里去更新控制一些已经没有的控件,造成错误。
其实我们想去解决屏幕旋转带来的一系列问题方法还是很多的。比如,最简单的就是重写onConfigurationChanged方法,当屏幕发生旋转时,Activity不会重建而是会回调此方法,然后用户自行处理屏幕旋转后的操作。
简单的贴个例子说明问题。
Demo1:
这是一个模拟开机异步加载数据的例子,
LoadDataAsyncTask用于异步加载数据,2秒加载数据,加载完数据显示ListView。DialogFragment暂且理解成一个进度框,具体后面会提到。
public class ConfigChangesTestActivity extends ListActivity
{
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private ListAdapter mAdapter;
private ArrayList<String> mDatas;
private DialogFragment mLoadingDialog;
private LoadDataAsyncTask mLoadDataAsyncTask;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");
initData(savedInstanceState);
}
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
private void initData(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
mLoadingDialog = new LoadingDialog();
mLoadingDialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "LoadingDialog");
mLoadDataAsyncTask = new LoadDataAsyncTask();
mLoadDataAsyncTask.execute();
}
/**
* 初始化适配器
*/
private void initAdapter()
{
mAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(ConfigChangesTestActivity.this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mDatas);
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
/**
* 模拟耗时操作
*
* @return
*/
private ArrayList<String> generateTimeConsumingDatas()
{
try
{
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
return new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList("通过Fragment保存大量数据",
"onSaveInstanceState保存数据",
"getLastNonConfigurationInstance已经被弃用", "RabbitMQ", "Hadoop",
"Spark"));
}
/**
* 当配置发生变化时,不会重新启动Activity。但是会回调此方法,用户自行进行对屏幕旋转后进行处理
*/
@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig)
{
super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
if (newConfig.orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE)
{
Toast.makeText(this, "landscape", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (newConfig.orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT)
{
Toast.makeText(this, "portrait", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
private class LoadDataAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>
{
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... params)
{
mDatas = generateTimeConsumingDatas();
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void result)
{
mLoadingDialog.dismiss();
initAdapter();
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy()
{
Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
}
言归正传,前面写了这么多,似乎和今天的主题没有什么关系,到底Fragment在屏幕切换上有什么用呢?比如我们正在一个输入框输入用户名或者密码,这是突然屏幕旋转,选择后发现之前输入的内容都没有了,又得重新输入。。。这就是一个很差的用户体验,再比如打开应用加载数据时,你不希望屏幕一旋转,造成加载线程重新开始,甚至崩溃,,这里就必须解决数据恢复这个问题。想要恢复Activity的数据,避免重复加载,android提供了一些方法:
(1)使用onSaveInstanceState()和onRestoreInstanceState()进行数据恢复。具体什么时候会回调这两个方法,参考链接:[http://www.cnblogs.com/hanyonglu/archive/2012/03/28/2420515.html]
下面给出一个例子:(不考虑在加载过程中选转屏幕,只是保存数据,数据不会重新加载)
Demo2:
public class SavedInstanceStateUsingActivity extends ListActivity
{
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private ListAdapter mAdapter;
private ArrayList<String> mDatas;
private DialogFragment mLoadingDialog;
private LoadDataAsyncTask mLoadDataAsyncTask;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");
initData(savedInstanceState);
}
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
private void initData(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
if (savedInstanceState != null)
mDatas = savedInstanceState.getStringArrayList("mDatas");
if (mDatas == null)
{
mLoadingDialog = new LoadingDialog();
mLoadingDialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "LoadingDialog");
mLoadDataAsyncTask = new LoadDataAsyncTask();
mLoadDataAsyncTask.execute();
} else
{
initAdapter();
}
}
/**
* 初始化适配器
*/
private void initAdapter()
{
mAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(
SavedInstanceStateUsingActivity.this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mDatas);
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle state)
{
super.onRestoreInstanceState(state);
Log.e(TAG, "onRestoreInstanceState");
}
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState)
{
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
Log.e(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState");
outState.putSerializable("mDatas", mDatas);
}
/**
* 模拟耗时操作
*
* @return
*/
private ArrayList<String> generateTimeConsumingDatas()
{
try
{
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
return new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList("通过Fragment保存大量数据",
"onSaveInstanceState保存数据",
"getLastNonConfigurationInstance已经被弃用", "RabbitMQ", "Hadoop",
"Spark"));
}
private class LoadDataAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>
{
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... params)
{
mDatas = generateTimeConsumingDatas();
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void result)
{
mLoadingDialog.dismiss();
initAdapter();
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy()
{
Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
}
使用系统提供的onSaveIntanceState()的回调中,使用Bundle来完全恢复你Activity的状态是可能是不现实的(Bundle不是设计用来携带大量数据的(例如bitmap),并且Bundle中的数据必须能够被序列化和反序列化),这样会消耗大量的内存和导致配置变化缓慢。在这种情况下,我们用一个空视图的Fragment来保存需要保存状态的引用。
(2)直接上代码
效果是运行开始,出现一个进度框,,5秒后,显示ListView。不管旋转屏幕多少次,也不会i影响进度框的加载时间。
MyAsyncTask,延时5秒,显示ListView,用于模拟异步复杂操作,
Demo3:
OtherRetainedFragment.java //用于存取MyAsyncTask对象
public class OtherRetainedFragment extends Fragment
{
// data object we want to retain
// 保存一个异步的任务
private MyAsyncTask data;
// this method is only called once for this fragment
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// retain this fragment
setRetainInstance(true);
}
public void setData(MyAsyncTask data)
{
this.data = data;
}
public MyAsyncTask getData()
{
return data;
}
}
MyAsyncTask.java //异步任务类
public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>
{
private FixProblemsActivity activity;
/**
* 是否完成
*/
private boolean isCompleted;
/**
* 进度框
*/
private LoadingDialog mLoadingDialog;
private List<String> items;
public MyAsyncTask(FixProblemsActivity activity)
{
this.activity = activity;
}
/**
* 开始时,显示加载框
*/
@Override
protected void onPreExecute()
{
mLoadingDialog = new LoadingDialog();
mLoadingDialog.show(activity.getFragmentManager(), "LOADING");
}
/**
* 加载数据
*/
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... params)
{
items = loadingData();
return null;
}
/**
* 加载完成回调当前的Activity
*/
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void unused)
{
isCompleted = true;
notifyActivityTaskCompleted();
if (mLoadingDialog != null)
mLoadingDialog.dismiss();
}
public List<String> getItems()
{
return items;
}
private List<String> loadingData()
{
try
{
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
return new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList("通过Fragment保存大量数据",
"onSaveInstanceState保存数据",
"getLastNonConfigurationInstance已经被弃用", "RabbitMQ", "Hadoop",
"Spark"));
}
/**
* 设置Activity,因为Activity会一直变化
*
* @param activity
*/
public void setActivity(FixProblemsActivity activity)
{
// 如果上一个Activity销毁,将与上一个Activity绑定的DialogFragment销毁
if (activity == null)
{
mLoadingDialog.dismiss();
}
// 设置为当前的Activity
this.activity = activity;
// 开启一个与当前Activity绑定的等待框
if (activity != null && !isCompleted)
{
mLoadingDialog = new LoadingDialog();
mLoadingDialog.show(activity.getFragmentManager(), "LOADING");
}
// 如果完成,通知Activity
if (isCompleted)
{
notifyActivityTaskCompleted();
}
}
private void notifyActivityTaskCompleted()
{
if (null != activity)
{
activity.onTaskCompleted();
}
}
}
FixProblemsActivity.java //主activity。
public class FixProblemsActivity extends ListActivity
{
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private ListAdapter mAdapter;
private List<String> mDatas;
private OtherRetainedFragment dataFragment;
private MyAsyncTask mMyTask;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");
// find the retained fragment on activity restarts
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
dataFragment = (OtherRetainedFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag("data");
// create the fragment and data the first time
if (dataFragment == null)
{
// add the fragment
dataFragment = new OtherRetainedFragment();
fm.beginTransaction().add(dataFragment, "data").commit();
}
mMyTask = dataFragment.getData();
if (mMyTask != null)
{
mMyTask.setActivity(this);
} else
{
mMyTask = new MyAsyncTask(this);
dataFragment.setData(mMyTask);
mMyTask.execute();
}
// the data is available in dataFragment.getData()
}
@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle state)
{
super.onRestoreInstanceState(state);
Log.e(TAG, "onRestoreInstanceState");
}
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState)
{
mMyTask.setActivity(null);
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
Log.e(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState");
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy()
{
Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
/**
* 回调
*/
public void onTaskCompleted()
{
mDatas = mMyTask.getItems();
mAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(FixProblemsActivity.this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mDatas);
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
}
关键就是在Fragment中,setRetainInstance(true);这个方法会在配置发生变化时,保存当前fragment,跳过oncreate()和ondestroy()方法,所以这时候切忌不要在onCreate()中写初始化配置。
既然已经保存了Fragment,重新旋转屏幕,进入onCreate()方法,然后取出之前Fragment持有的对象,进行处理即可。