cpp-httplib实现HTTP Server接收带参数的URL

URL中符号意义

• / 分隔目录和子目录

• ？分隔实际的URL和参数

• & URL中指定的参数间的分隔符

• = URL中指定的参数的值

• + 表示空格（在URL中不能使用空格）

• # 表示书签

在RESTful风格的API中常见的URL样式：

• 带时间路径的URL
  http://127.0.0.1:8080/Date/20230323173037
• 使用 ? 符号的分隔符
  http://127.0.0.1:8080/Hld?date=20230323173037
• 使用 & 符号带2个参数
  http://127.0.0.1:8080/Hld?date=20230323173037&date=20230366

代码演示获取参数：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <httplib.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace httplib;

int main()
{
    multimap<string, string> m = { {"HTTP0.9", "1991"}, {"HTTP1.0", "1996"}, {"HTTP1.1", "1999"} };

    for (multimap<string, string>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
    {
        cout << "[" << (*it).first << ", " << (*it).second << "]" << endl;
    }

    Server svr;
    svr.set_keep_alive_max_count(10);
    svr.set_keep_alive_timeout(10);
    svr.set_payload_max_length(1024 * 1024 * 512);

    svr.Get("/Hld", [&](const Request& req, Response& res) {

        cout << req.matches[0] << endl;
        cout << "params.size() = " << req.params.size() << endl;

        string context;
        for(std::multimap<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator it = req.params.begin(); it != req.params.end(); ++it)
        {
            string params = it->first + " = " + it->second;
            cout << params << endl;

            context += params += "\n";
        }

        res.set_content(context, "text/plain");
    });

    svr.set_error_handler([&](const Request& req, Response& res) {
        auto fmt = "<p>Error Status: <span style='color:red;'>%d</span></p>";
        char buf[BUFSIZ];
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, res.status);
        res.set_content(buf, "text/html");
    });

    // Logging
    svr.set_logger([&](const Request& req, const Response& res) {
        for(std::multimap<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator it = req.params.begin(); it != req.params.end(); ++it)
        {
            string params = it->first + "=" + it->second;
            cout <<"[" << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << "] " << it->first << "=" << it->second << endl;
        }
    });

    svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);

    return 0;
}

由于 ? 符号是分隔实际的URL和参数，所以 req.matches[0] 并不能获取到URL的参数，只能获得带路径的 / 符号后面的数据，而 req.params 才是获取URL的参数，理解URL才是理解代码的关键。