1. 认识分词器
1.1 Analyzer 分析器
在ES中一个Analyzer 由下面三种组件组合而成:
• character filter :字符过滤器,对文本进行字符过滤处理,如处理文本中的html标签字符。处理完后再交给tokenizer进行分词。一个analyzer中可包含0个或多个字符过滤器,多个按配置顺序依次进行处理。
• tokenizer:分词器,对文本进行分词。一个analyzer必需且只可包含一个tokenizer。
• token filter:词项过滤器,对tokenizer分出的词进行过滤处理。如转小写、停用词处理、同义词处理。一个analyzer可包含0个或多个词项过滤器,按配置顺序进行过滤。
1.2 如何测试分词器
POST _analyze
{
"analyzer": "whitespace",
"text": "The quick brown fox."
}
POST _analyze
{
"tokenizer": "standard",
"filter": [ "lowercase", "asciifolding" ],
"text": "Is this déja vu?"
}
• position:第几个词
• offset:词的偏移位置
2. 内建的character filter
HTML Strip Character Filter
html_strip :过滤html标签,解码HTML entities like &.
Mapping Character Filter
mapping :用指定的字符串替换文本中的某字符串。
Pattern Replace Character Filter
pattern_replace :进行正则表达式替换。
2.1 HTML Strip Character Filter
POST _analyze
{
"tokenizer": "keyword",
"char_filter": [ "html_strip" ],
"text": "<p>I'm so <b>happy</b>!</p>"
}
在索引中配置:
PUT my_index
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"my_analyzer": {
"tokenizer": "keyword",
"char_filter": ["my_char_filter"]
}
},
"char_filter": {
"my_char_filter": {
"type": "html_strip",
"escaped_tags": ["b"]
}
}
}
}
}
escaped_tags 用来指定例外的标签。 如果没有例外标签需配置,则不需要在此进行客户化定义,在上面的my_analyzer中直接使用 html_strip
测试:
POST my_index/_analyze
{
"analyzer": "my_analyzer",
"text": "<p>I'm so <b>happy</b>!</p>"
}
2.2 Mapping character filter
官网链接:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-mapping-charfilter.html
PUT my_index
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"my_analyzer": {
"tokenizer": "keyword",
"char_filter": [
"my_char_filter"
]
}
},
"char_filter": {
"my_char_filter": {
"type": "mapping",
"mappings": [
"٠ => 0",
"١ => 1",
"٢ => 2",
"٣ => 3",
"٤ => 4",
"٥ => 5",
"٦ => 6",
"٧ => 7",
"٨ => 8",
"٩ => 9"
]
}
}
}
}
}
测试
POST my_index/_analyze
{
"analyzer": "my_analyzer",
"text": "My license plate is ٢٥٠١٥"
}
2.3 Pattern Replace Character Filter
PUT my_index
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"my_analyzer": {
"tokenizer": "standard",
"char_filter": [
"my_char_filter"
]
}
},
"char_filter": {
"my_char_filter": {
"type": "pattern_replace",
"pattern": "(\\d+)-(?=\\d)",
"replacement": "$1_"
}
}
}
}
}
测试
POST my_index/_analyze
{
"analyzer": "my_analyzer",
"text": "My credit card is 123-456-789"
}
3. 内建的Tokenizer
官网链接:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-tokenizers.html
Standard Tokenizer
Letter Tokenizer
Lowercase Tokenizer
Whitespace Tokenizer
UAX URL Email Tokenizer
Classic Tokenizer
Thai Tokenizer
NGram Tokenizer
Edge NGram Tokenizer
Keyword Tokenizer
Pattern Tokenizer
Simple Pattern Tokenizer
Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
Path Hierarchy Tokenizer
前面集成的中文分词器Ikanalyzer中提供的tokenizer:ik_smart 、 ik_max_word
测试tokenizer
POST _analyze
{
"tokenizer": "standard",
"text": "张三说的确实在理"
}
POST _analyze
{
"tokenizer": "ik_smart",
"text": "张三说的确实在理"
}
4. 内建的Token Filter
ES中内建了很多Token filter ,详细了解:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-tokenizers.html
Lowercase Token Filter :lowercase 转小写
Stop Token Filter :stop 停用词过滤器
Synonym Token Filter: synonym 同义词过滤器
说明:中文分词器Ikanalyzer中自带有停用词过滤功能。
4.1 Synonym Token Filter 同义词过滤器
PUT /test_index
{
"settings": {
"index" : {
"analysis" : {
"analyzer" : {
"my_ik_synonym" : {
"tokenizer" : "ik_smart",
"filter" : ["synonym"]
}
},
"filter" : {
"synonym" : {
"type" : "synonym",
<!-- synonyms_path:指定同义词文件(相对config的位置)-->
"synonyms_path" : "analysis/synonym.txt"
}
}
}
}
}
}
同义词定义格式
ES同义词格式支持 solr、 WordNet 两种格式。
在analysis/synonym.txt中用solr格式定义如下同义词
张三,李四
电饭煲,电饭锅 => 电饭煲
电脑 => 计算机,computer
注意:
文件一定要UTF-8编码
一行一类同义词,=> 表示标准化为
测试:通过例子的结果了解同义词的处理行为
POST test_index/_analyze
{
"analyzer": "my_ik_synonym",
"text": "张三说的确实在理"
}
POST test_index/_analyze
{
"analyzer": "my_ik_synonym",
"text": "我想买个电饭锅和一个电脑"
}
5. 内建的Analyzer
官网链接:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-analyzers.html
Standard Analyzer
Simple Analyzer
Whitespace Analyzer
Stop Analyzer
Keyword Analyzer
Pattern Analyzer
Language Analyzers
Fingerprint Analyzer
集成的中文分词器Ikanalyzer中提供的Analyzer:ik_smart 、 ik_max_word
内建的和集成的analyzer可以直接使用。如果它们不能满足我们的需要,则我们可自己组合字符过滤器、分词器、词项过滤器来定义自定义的analyzer