查看系统类加载器加载的东西方便jar包路径排查

有时候我们会面临明明已经把某个jar加入到了环境里，可以运行的时候还是找不到。 那么我们有没有一种方法，可以直接看到各个类加载器加载了哪些jar，以及把哪些路 径加到了classpath里？

（一）实现代码

package org.geekbang.a_jvm.类加载器;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * @author 起凤
 * @description: TODO：jar包路径排查
 * @date 2022/3/6
 */
public class JvmClassLoaderPrintPath {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 启动类加载器
        URL[] urls = sun.misc.Launcher.getBootstrapClassPath().getURLs();
        System.out.println("启动类加载器");
        for (URL url : urls) {
            System.out.println(" ==> " + url.toExternalForm());
        }
        // 扩展类加载器
        printClassLoader("扩展类加载器", JvmClassLoaderPrintPath.class.getClassLoader().getParent());
        // 应用类加载器
        printClassLoader("应用类加载器", JvmClassLoaderPrintPath.class.getClassLoader());
    }

    public static void printClassLoader(String name, ClassLoader CL) {
        if (CL != null) {
            System.out.println(name + " ClassLoader ‐> " + CL.toString());
            printURLForClassLoader(CL);
        } else {
            System.out.println(name + " ClassLoader ‐> null");
        }
    }

    public static void printURLForClassLoader(ClassLoader CL) {
        Object ucp = insightField(CL, "ucp");
        Object path = insightField(ucp, "path");
        ArrayList ps = (ArrayList) path;
        for (Object p : ps) {
            System.out.println(" ==> " + p.toString());
        }
    }

    private static Object insightField(Object obj, String fName) {
        try {
            Field f = null;
            if (obj instanceof URLClassLoader) {
                f = URLClassLoader.class.getDeclaredField(fName);
            } else {
                f = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fName);
            }
            f.setAccessible(true);
            return f.get(obj);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

}

（二）运行结果分析

从下面的打印结果可以看出，

• 启动类加载器：加载的目录是jdk中jre/lib/下的各个核心jar包
• 扩展类加载器： 加载 jre/lib/ext/下的各种jar包
• 应用类加载器： 加载了包括启动类加载器和扩展器加载器的内容，除此之外还包括本项目的路径file:/D:/ideaProjects/jikeshijian/ji_ke_shi_jian/out/production/ji_ke_shi_jian/ 这也就是为什么在没有使用自定义类加载器情况下，用户自定 义的类都由应用类加载器加载。

启动类加载器
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/resources.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/rt.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jsse.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jce.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/charsets.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jfr.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/classes
扩展类加载器 ClassLoader ‐> sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@1b6d3586
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/access-bridge-64.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunmscapi.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar
应用类加载器 ClassLoader ‐> sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/charsets.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/deploy.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/access-bridge-64.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunmscapi.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/javaws.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jce.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jfr.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jsse.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/management-agent.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/plugin.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/resources.jar
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/rt.jar
 ==> file:/D:/ideaProjects/jikeshijian/ji_ke_shi_jian/out/production/ji_ke_shi_jian/
 ==> file:/D:/Program%20Files/JetBrains/ideaIU-2021.1.3.win/lib/idea_rt.jar

Process finished with exit code 0