python学习笔记——tkinter模块

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-05 22:49:40 发布

Moriarty_D_Lock

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-05 22:49:40 发布

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文章标签： python 学习开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/MORIARTY_D_LOCK/article/details/123043632

版权

创建菜单时自动出现的“--”及其弹窗处理办法

原始代码：

# 创建菜单项目
    def create_menu_bar(self):
        menu_bar = Menu(self)

        # 添加菜单项目
        file_menu = Menu(menu_bar)
        menu_bar.add_cascade(label='文件', menu=file_menu)

        self['menu'] = menu_bar

弹窗效果如下图：

解决办法：

# 创建菜单项目
    def create_menu_bar(self):
        menu_bar = Menu(self)

        # 添加菜单项目
        file_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)  # 添加tearoff=0
        menu_bar.add_cascade(label='文件', menu=file_menu)

        self['menu'] = menu_bar

解决后效果图：

notpad项目源码（图标需自己添加）：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
from tkinter.ttk import Scrollbar, Checkbutton, Label, Button
import os
import sys


class NotePad(Tk):
    icons = ["new_file", "open_file", "save", "cut", "copy", "paste", "undo", "redo", "find_text"]
    # icons = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
    theme_color = {"Default": "#000000.#FFFFFF",
                   "Olive Green": "#D1E7E0.#5B8340",
                   "Night Mode": "#FFFFFF.#000000",
                   }
    icon_res = []
    N_path = os.path.abspath('.')

    # 初始化操作
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.file_name = None
        self.set_window()
        self.create_menu_bar()
        self.create_tool_bar()
        self.create_body()
        self.create_pop_menu()

    # 设置窗口界面
    def set_window(self, path=N_path):
        self.title("01NotePad")
        max_width, max_height = self.maxsize()
        align_center = "800x600+%d+%d" % ((max_width - 800) / 2, (max_height - 600) / 2)
        self.geometry(align_center)
        self.iconbitmap(path + '\\img\\alipay.png')

    # 创建菜单项目
    def create_menu_bar(self):
        menu_bar = Menu(self)

        # 添加菜单项目
        file_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)  # 设置tearoff=0
        file_menu.add_command(label='新建', accelerator="Crtl+N", command=self.new_file)
        file_menu.add_command(label='打开', accelerator="Crtl+O", command=self.open_file)
        file_menu.add_command(label='保存', accelerator="Crtl+S", command=self.save_file)
        file_menu.add_command(label='另存为', accelerator="Shift+Crtl+S", command=self.save_as)
        file_menu.add_separator()
        file_menu.add_command(label='退出', accelerator="Alt+F4", command=self.exit_notpad)
        menu_bar.add_cascade(label='文件', menu=file_menu)

        editor_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
        editor_menu.add_command(label='撤销', accelerator="Crtl+Z", command=lambda: self.handle_menu_action('撤销'))
        editor_menu.add_command(label='恢复', accelerator="Crtl+Y", command=lambda: self.handle_menu_action('恢复'))
        editor_menu.add_separator()  # 分割线
        editor_menu.add_command(label='剪切', accelerator="Crtl+X", command=lambda: self.handle_menu_action('剪切'))
        editor_menu.add_command(label='复制', accelerator="Crtl+C", command=lambda: self.handle_menu_action('复制'))
        editor_menu.add_command(label='粘贴', accelerator="Crtl+V", command=lambda: self.handle_menu_action('粘贴'))
        editor_menu.add_separator()
        editor_menu.add_command(label='查找', accelerator="Crtl+F", command=self.find_text_dialog)
        editor_menu.add_separator()
        editor_menu.add_command(label='全选', accelerator="Crtl+A", command=self.select_all)
        menu_bar.add_cascade(label='编辑', menu=editor_menu)

        view_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
        # 显示行号
        self.is_show_line_num = IntVar()
        self.is_show_line_num.set(1)  # 设置初始状态：1代表开启功能，0代表关闭，默认开启
        view_menu.add_checkbutton(label='显示行号', onvalue=1, offvalue=0, variable=self.is_show_line_num,
                                  command=self.update_line_num)
        # 高亮当前行
        self.is_heighlight_line = IntVar()
        self.is_heighlight_line.set(1)
        view_menu.add_checkbutton(label='高亮当前行', onvalue=1, offvalue=0, variable=self.is_heighlight_line,
                                  command=self.toggle_highlight)
        # 主题
        themes_memu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
        # 后续实现
        # themes_memu.add_command(label='主题1', command='')
        # themes_memu.add_command(label='主题2', command='')
        self.theme_choice = StringVar()
        self.theme_choice.set("Default")
        for k in sorted(self.theme_color):
            themes_memu.add_radiobutton(label=k, variable=self.theme_choice, command=self.change_theme)
        view_menu.add_cascade(label='主题', menu=themes_memu)
        menu_bar.add_cascade(label='视图', menu=view_menu)

        about_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
        about_menu.add_command(label='关于', command=lambda: self.show_messagebox("关于"))
        about_menu.add_command(label='帮助', command=lambda: self.show_messagebox("帮助"))
        menu_bar.add_cascade(label='关于', menu=about_menu)

        self['menu'] = menu_bar

    # 创建工具栏
    def create_tool_bar(self, path=N_path):
        tool_bar = Frame(self, height=25, background="#FFFFFF")
        # 填充X轴
        tool_bar.pack(fill='x')
        for icon in self.icons:
            # tool_icon = PhotoImage(file=r"C:\Users\Trustech\Desktop\01\img\%s.gif" % (icon,))
            tool_icon = PhotoImage(file=path + "\\img\\%s.png" % (icon,))
            tool_btn = Button(tool_bar, image=tool_icon, command=self.tool_bar_action(icon)).pack(side="left")
            # 要将tool_icon添加到icon_res
            self.icon_res.append(tool_icon)

    # 界面操作的主体
    def create_body(self):
        # 左边行号，中间是文本编辑区，右边是滚动条
        # 行号区域
        self.line_number_bar = Text(self, width=4, padx=3, takefocus=0, border=0, background="#F0E68C", state="disable")
        self.line_number_bar.pack(side='left', fill='y')
        # 文本编辑区
        # wrap 如何换行， word表示按照单词自动换行；undo True表示开启撤销功能
        self.context_text = Text(self, wrap="word", undo=True)
        # 热键绑定
        self.context_text.bind("<Control-o>", self.open_file)
        self.context_text.bind("<Control-O>", self.open_file)
        self.context_text.bind("<Control-s>", self.save_file)
        self.context_text.bind("<Control-S>", self.save_file)
        self.context_text.bind("<Control-n>", self.new_file)
        self.context_text.bind("<Control-N>", self.new_file)
        self.context_text.bind("<Any-KeyPress>", lambda e: self.update_line_num())
        self.context_text.pack(fill='both', expand="yes")
        # 设置文本输入区
        self.context_text.tag_config("active_line", background="#EEEEE0")
        # 滚动条
        scroll_bar = Scrollbar(self.context_text)
        scroll_bar['command'] = self.context_text.yview
        self.context_text["yscrollcommand"] = scroll_bar.set
        scroll_bar.pack(side="right", fill="y")

    # 打开文件
    def open_file(self, event=None):
        # 打开文件并进行类型设置
        input_file = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("所有文件", "*.*"), ("文本文档", "*.txt")])
        if input_file:
            self.title("{}***01NotePad".format(os.path.basename(input_file)))
            self.file_name = input_file
            self.context_text.delete(1.0, END)
            with open(input_file, 'r') as _file:
                self.context_text.insert(1.0, _file.read())

    # 文件的保存
    def write_to_file(self, file_name):
        try:
            content = self.context_text.get(1.0, END)
            with open(file_name, 'w') as _file:
                _file.write(content)
            self.title("{}---01NotePad".format(os.path.basename(file_name)))
        except IOError:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "文件保存失败！")

    def save_file(self, event=None):
        if not self.file_name:
            self.save_as()
        else:
            self.write_to_file(self.file_name)

    # 新建
    def new_file(self, event=None):
        self.title("新建---01NotePad")
        self.context_text.delete(1.0, END)
        self.file_name = None

    # 另存为
    def save_as(self):
        input_file = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("所有文件", "*.*"), ("文本文档", "*.txt")])
        if input_file:
            self.file_name = input_file
            self.write_to_file(self.file_name)

    # 退出
    def exit_notpad(self):
        if messagebox.askokcancel("退出", "确定退出吗？"):
            self.destroy()

    # 右键菜单【弹出菜单】
    def create_pop_menu(self):
        pop_menu = Menu(self.context_text, tearoff=0)
        for item1, item2 in zip(['剪切', '复制', '粘贴', '撤销', '恢复'], ['cut', 'copy', 'paste', 'undo', 'redo']):
            pop_menu.add_command(label=item1, compound='left', command=self.tool_bar_action(item2))
        pop_menu.add_separator()
        pop_menu.add_command(label='全选', command=self.select_all)
        # 绑定
        self.context_text.bind("<Button-3>", lambda event: pop_menu.tk_popup(event.x_root, event.y_root))

    # 右键菜单的处理
    def handle_menu_action(self, action_type):
        if action_type == '撤销':
            self.context_text.event_generate("<<Undo>>")
        elif action_type == '恢复':
            self.context_text.event_generate("<<Redo>>")
        elif action_type == '剪切':
            self.context_text.event_generate("<<Cut>>")
        elif action_type == '复制':
            self.context_text.event_generate("<<Copy>>")
        elif action_type == '粘贴':
            self.context_text.event_generate("<<Paste>>")

        # 防止事件传递
        return "break"

    # 工具栏命令处理
    def tool_bar_action(self, action_type):
        def handle():
            if action_type == 'open_file':
                self.open_file()
            elif action_type == 'save':
                self.save_file()
            elif action_type == 'new_file':
                self.new_file()
            elif action_type == 'cut':
                self.handle_menu_action("剪切")
            elif action_type == 'copy':
                self.handle_menu_action("复制")
            elif action_type == 'undo':
                self.handle_menu_action("撤销")
            elif action_type == 'paste':
                self.handle_menu_action("粘贴")
            elif action_type == 'redo':
                self.handle_menu_action("恢复")

        # handle返回处理
        return handle

    # 全选
    def select_all(self):
        self.context_text.tag_add('sel', 1.0, END)
        return "break"

    # 行号处理
    def update_line_num(self):
        if self.is_show_line_num.get():
            # 获取所有行
            row, col = self.context_text.index(END).split('.')
            # 列举每行的行号
            line_num_content = "\n".join([str(i) for i in range(1, int(row))])
            self.line_number_bar.config(state="normal")
            self.line_number_bar.delete(1.0, END)
            self.line_number_bar.insert(1.0, line_num_content)
            self.line_number_bar.config(state="disable")
        else:
            self.line_number_bar.config(state="normal")
            self.line_number_bar.delete(1.0, END)
            self.line_number_bar.config(state="disable")

    # 高亮当前行
    def toggle_highlight(self):
        if self.is_heighlight_line.get():
            self.context_text.tag_remove('active_line', 1.0, END)
            # 设置高亮
            self.context_text.tag_add("active_line", "insert linestart", "insert lineend+1c")
            # 通过轮询递归的方式进行处理
            self.context_text.after(200, self.toggle_highlight)
        else:
            self.context_text.tag_remove("active_line", 1.0, END)

    # 设置查找对话框
    def find_text_dialog(self):
        search_dialog = Toplevel(self)
        search_dialog.title("查找文本")
        max_width, max_height = self.maxsize()
        align_center = "340x80+%d+%d" % ((max_width - 340) / 2, (max_height - 80) / 2)
        search_dialog.geometry(align_center)
        search_dialog.resizable(False, False)
        Label(search_dialog, text='查找全部').grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='e')
        search_text = Entry(search_dialog, width=25)
        search_text.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=2, pady=2, sticky="we")
        search_text.focus_set()
        # 忽略大小写
        ignore_case_value = IntVar()
        Checkbutton(search_dialog, text='忽略大小写', variable=ignore_case_value).grid(row=1, column=1, padx=2, pady=2,
                                                                                  sticky='e')
        Button(search_dialog, text='查找',
               command=lambda: self.search_result(search_text.get(), ignore_case_value.get(), search_dialog,
                                                  search_text)).grid(row=0, column=2, padx=2, pady=2, sticky="w" + "e")

        def close_search_dialog():
            self.context_text.tag_remove('match', 1.0, END)
            search_dialog.destroy()

        search_dialog.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close_search_dialog)
        return "break"

    # 查找的方法
    def search_result(self, key, ignore_case, search_dialog, search_box):
        self.context_text.tag_remove('match', 1.0, END)
        matches_found = 0
        if key:
            start_pos = 1.0
            while True:
                start_pos = self.context_text.search(key, start_pos, nocase=ignore_case, stopindex=END)
                if not start_pos:
                    break
                end_pos = "{}+{}c".format(start_pos, len(key))
                self.context_text.tag_add('match', start_pos, end_pos)
                matches_found += 1
                start_pos = end_pos
            self.context_text.tag_config('match', foreground='red', background='red')
        search_box.focus_set()
        search_dialog.title("发现了%d个匹配的" % matches_found)

    # 主题切换
    def change_theme(self):
        selected_theme = self.theme_choice.get()
        fg_bg = self.theme_color.get(selected_theme)
        print(fg_bg)
        fg_color, bg_color = fg_bg.split('.')
        self.context_text.config(bg=bg_color, fg=fg_color)

    # 关于菜单
    def show_messagebox(self, type):
        if type == '帮助':
            messagebox.showinfo("帮助", "这是帮助文档", icon='question')
        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("关于", "这是一个简单的记事本程序")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = NotePad()
    app.mainloop()