数字图像处理–图像滤波
1 主要内容
A、选取实验用的实验图像，完成图像读取和显示，给图像加上噪声；
B、编写三种图像滤波器的滤波函数；
其中，均值滤波一般的具体实现步骤是:
1、选择一个(2n+l) x (2n+l)的窗口(通常为3 x 3或5 x 5)，并用该窗口沿图像数据进行行或列的滑动；
2、读取窗口下各对应像素的灰度值；
3、求取这些像素的灰度平均值替代窗口中心位置的原始像素灰度值。
高斯滤波一般的具体实现步骤是:
1、选择一个(2n+l) x (2n+l)的窗口(通常为3 x 3或5 x 5)，生成二维高斯模板，并用该窗口沿图像数据进行行或列的滑动；
2、读取窗口下各对应像素的灰度值；
3、求取这些像素与二维高斯模板对应位置元素的乘积再求和，用该值替代窗口中心位置的原始像素灰度值。
中值滤波一般的具体实现步骤是：
1、选择一个(2n+l)x(2n+l)的窗口(通常为3x3或5x5)，并用该窗口沿图像数据进行行或列的滑动；
2、读取窗口下各对应像素的灰度值；
3、将这些灰度值从小到大排成一列，用排序所得的中值替代窗口中心位置的原始像素灰度值；
C、用自己编写的滤波函数分别对实验图像进行滤波；
D、用Matlab自带的滤波函数对实验图像分别进行滤波；
E、对比实验结果，对自己编写的滤波函数进行修改和优化。
2 源代码
代码手法略笨拙
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from skimage import util
from statistics import median
import scipy.signal as signal
#选取实验用的实验图像，完成图像读取和显示，给图像加上噪声；
rose = cv2.imread('2.png',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
print('rose:',rose)
#添加高斯噪声
rose_Gaussian = util.random_noise(rose,mode = 'Gaussian')
rose_Gaussian = rose_Gaussian*255
print('rose_Gaussion:',rose_Gaussian)
#添加椒盐噪声
rose_sp = util.random_noise(rose,mode = 's&p')
rose_sp = rose_sp*255
print('rose_sp:',rose_sp)
#绘图
#设置画布标题字体为中文，不设置的话，可能会出现乱码结果
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["SimHei"]
plt.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"]=False
plt.subplot(131),plt.imshow(rose,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('原图')
plt.subplot(132),plt.imshow(rose_Gaussian,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('高斯噪声')
plt.subplot(133),plt.imshow(rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('椒盐噪声')
#均值滤波
def filter_Average(x):
x = rose_sp.shape
#print('rose_sp.shape:',x) #shape: (675, 1200)
kernel = np.ones((3,3),dtype= int)
print('A_kernel:',kernel)
big_rose = np.zeros((x[0]+2,x[1]+2))
#print('big_rose:',big_rose)
#print('big_rose.shape:',big_rose.shape)
big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0]-1,1:big_rose.shape[1]-1] = rose_sp
#print('big_rose:',big_rose)
for i in range(big_rose.shape[0]-2):
for j in range(big_rose.shape[1]-2):
sum = big_rose[i+1][j+1]+big_rose[i+1+1][j+1]+\
big_rose[i+1-1][j+1]+big_rose[i+1][j+1+1]+\
big_rose[i+1][j+1-1]+big_rose[i+1-1][j+1-1]+\
big_rose[i+1+1][j+1+1]+big_rose[i+1-1][j+1+1]+big_rose[i+1+1][j+1-1]
big_rose[i+1][j+1] = sum/9
sum = 0
#print('After_big_rose：',big_rose)
After_A_rose_sp = big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0]-1,1:big_rose.shape[1]-1]
print('After_A_rose_sp：', After_A_rose_sp)
return After_A_rose_sp
#中值滤波
def filter_Mid(x):
#x = rose_sp
x = rose_sp.shape
#print('rose_sp.shape:', x) # shape: (675, 1200)
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), dtype=int)
print('M_kernel:', kernel)
big_rose = np.zeros((x[0] + 2, x[1] + 2))
#print('big_rose:', big_rose)
#print('big_rose.shape:', big_rose.shape)
big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0] - 1, 1:big_rose.shape[1] - 1] = rose_sp
#print('big_rose:', big_rose)
for i in range(big_rose.shape[0] - 2):
for j in range(big_rose.shape[1] - 2):
M_list = [big_rose[i + 1][j + 1] , big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1] ,
big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1] , big_rose[i + 1][j + 1 + 1] ,
big_rose[i + 1][j + 1 - 1] , big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1 - 1] ,
big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1 + 1] , big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1 + 1] ,
big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1 - 1]]
mid = median(M_list)
big_rose[i+1][j+1] = mid
#print('After_big_rose：', big_rose)
After_M_rose_sp = big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0] - 1, 1:big_rose.shape[1] - 1]
print('After_M_rose_sp：', After_M_rose_sp)
return After_M_rose_sp
#高斯滤波：加权平均
def filter_Gauusian(x):
x = rose_sp.shape
big_rose = np.zeros((x[0] + 2, x[1] + 2))
#print('big_rose:', big_rose)
#print('big_rose.shape:', big_rose.shape)
big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0] - 1, 1:big_rose.shape[1] - 1] = rose_sp
#print('big_rose:', big_rose)
kernel = [[1, 2, 1], [2, 4, 2], [1, 2, 1]]
new_list = []
for i in range(len(kernel)):
for j in range(len(kernel)):
x = kernel[i][j] / 16
new_list.append(x)
new_list = np.matrix(new_list)
kernel = new_list.reshape(3, 3)
print('G_kernel:', kernel)
for i in range(big_rose.shape[0] - 2):
for j in range(big_rose.shape[1] - 2):
sum = big_rose[i + 1][j + 1]*kernel[1,1] + big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1]*kernel[2,1]+ \
big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1]*kernel[0,1] + big_rose[i + 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[1,2] + \
big_rose[i + 1][j + 1 - 1] *kernel[1,0]+ big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1 - 1]*kernel[0,0] + \
big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[2,2] + big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[0,2] + \
big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1 - 1]*kernel[2,0]
big_rose[i + 1][j + 1] = sum
sum = 0
#print('After_big_rose：', big_rose)
After_rose_sp = big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0] - 1, 1:big_rose.shape[1] - 1]
print('After_G_rose_sp：', After_rose_sp)
return After_rose_sp
#自定义滤波器
def filter_Define(x):
x = rose_sp.shape
big_rose = np.zeros((x[0] + 2, x[1] + 2))
#print('big_rose:', big_rose)
#print('big_rose.shape:', big_rose.shape)
big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0] - 1, 1:big_rose.shape[1] - 1] = rose_sp
#print('big_rose:', big_rose)
kernel = [[1, 0, 1], [0, 6, 0], [1, 0, 1]]
new_list = []
for i in range(len(kernel)):
for j in range(len(kernel)):
x = kernel[i][j] / 10
new_list.append(x)
new_list = np.matrix(new_list)
kernel = new_list.reshape(3, 3)
print('D_kernel:', kernel)
for i in range(big_rose.shape[0] - 2):
for j in range(big_rose.shape[1] - 2):
sum = big_rose[i + 1][j + 1]*kernel[1,1] + big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1]*kernel[2,1]+ \
big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1]*kernel[0,1] + big_rose[i + 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[1,2] + \
big_rose[i + 1][j + 1 - 1] *kernel[1,0]+ big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1 - 1]*kernel[0,0] + \
big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[2,2] + big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[0,2] + \
big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1 - 1]*kernel[2,0]
big_rose[i + 1][j + 1] = sum
sum = 0
#print('After_big_rose：', big_rose)
After_D_rose_sp = big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0] - 1, 1:big_rose.shape[1] - 1]
print('After_D_rose_sp：', After_D_rose_sp)
return After_D_rose_sp
#优化自定义滤波器
def filter_Optimer_Define(x):
x = rose_sp.shape
big_rose = np.zeros((x[0] + 2, x[1] + 2))
#print('big_rose:', big_rose)
#print('big_rose.shape:', big_rose.shape)
big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0] - 1, 1:big_rose.shape[1] - 1] = rose_sp
#print('big_rose:', big_rose)
kernel = [[0, 0, 0], [2, 6, 2], [0, 0, 0]]
new_list = []
for i in range(len(kernel)):
for j in range(len(kernel)):
x = kernel[i][j] / 10
new_list.append(x)
new_list = np.matrix(new_list)
kernel = new_list.reshape(3, 3)
print('O_kernel:', kernel)
for i in range(big_rose.shape[0] - 2):
for j in range(big_rose.shape[1] - 2):
sum = big_rose[i + 1][j + 1]*kernel[1,1] + big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1]*kernel[2,1]+ \
big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1]*kernel[0,1] + big_rose[i + 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[1,2] + \
big_rose[i + 1][j + 1 - 1] *kernel[1,0]+ big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1 - 1]*kernel[0,0] + \
big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[2,2] + big_rose[i + 1 - 1][j + 1 + 1]*kernel[0,2] + \
big_rose[i + 1 + 1][j + 1 - 1]*kernel[2,0]
big_rose[i + 1][j + 1] = sum
sum = 0
#print('After_big_rose：', big_rose)
After_O_rose_sp = big_rose[1:big_rose.shape[0] - 1, 1:big_rose.shape[1] - 1]
print('After_O_rose_sp：', After_O_rose_sp)
return After_O_rose_sp
print('=======均值滤波器=========')
After_A_rose_sp = filter_Average(rose_sp)
print('=======中值滤波器=========')
After_M_rose_sp = filter_Mid(rose_sp)
print('=======高斯滤波器=========')
After_G_rose_sp = filter_Gauusian(rose_sp)
print('=======自定义滤波器========')
After_D_rose_sp = filter_Define(rose_sp)
print('=======库自带高斯滤波器=====')
After_K_Gauss_rose_sp = cv2.GaussianBlur(rose_sp, (3, 3), 0)
print('After_K_Gauss_rose_sp:',After_K_Gauss_rose_sp)
print('=======库自带中值滤波器=====')
After_K_Average_rose_sp = signal.medfilt(rose_sp,(3,3))
print('After_K_Average_rose_sp',After_K_Average_rose_sp)
print('=======优化自定义滤波器======')
After_Optimer_rose_sp = filter_Optimer_Define(rose_sp)
# 用Matlab自带的滤波函数对实验图像分别进行滤波；
plt.figure(2)
plt.subplot(241),plt.imshow(rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('椒盐噪声图')
plt.subplot(242),plt.imshow(After_A_rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('均值滤波图')
plt.subplot(243),plt.imshow(After_M_rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('中值滤波图')
plt.subplot(244),plt.imshow(After_G_rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('高斯滤波图')
plt.subplot(245),plt.imshow(After_D_rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('自定义滤波图')
plt.subplot(246),plt.imshow(After_K_Gauss_rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('库自带高斯滤波图')
plt.subplot(247),plt.imshow(After_K_Average_rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('库自带中值滤波图')
plt.subplot(248),plt.imshow(After_Optimer_rose_sp,cmap = 'gray'),plt.title('优化自定义滤波图')
plt.show()
3 实现结果
3.1 选本实验中，选取的实验图像是一个675*1200的灰度图像，并对该图像分别添加了高斯噪声和椒盐噪声，图像的读取和显示，以及添加过噪声之后的显示。如下图所示。
2.2 说明：对于图像边缘像素点的处理，本实验采取了填充0值，进而对每个像素点进行调整，并且均是在添加了椒盐噪声的图像上进行了实验，包括以下所述滤波器。
均值滤波：本实验中选择一个(3*3)的窗口,其窗口值均取值为1，并用该窗口沿图像数据进行遍历。其滤波器以及经过处理后的图片像素值如下图所示。
高斯滤波:实验中选择了(3*3)的窗口，生成二维高斯模板，并用该窗口沿图像数据进行行或列的滑动；其滤波器以及经过处理后的图片像素值如下图所示。
中值滤波：选择一个(3*3)的窗口,并用该窗口沿图像数据进行行或列的滑动；其滤波器以及经过处理后的图片像素值，如下图所示。
2.3 自己设计了一个窗口为(3*3)的滤波器，并完成了对实验图像进行滤波；其滤波器以及经过处理后的图片像素值，如下图所示。
2.4 本实验使用了python自带的中值滤波函数和高斯滤波函数对实验图像分别进行滤波；经过库函数处理后的图片像素值，如下图所示。
库自带高斯滤波结果图
库自带中值滤波结果图
2.5 对比实验结果，可知自己没有考虑到与像素点直接相邻的像素点，于是调整了滤波函数，进行适量的优化。其优化后的滤波器以及经过处理后的图片像素值，如下图所示。
2.6 为了更好的显示实验结果，将所有滤波后图像放在了同一个窗口进行显示。如下图所示。
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