JavaEE中的Session域及验证码创建

HttpSeisson:

用户端（浏览器）在对服务端发起请求时，服务器都会为每个用户端创建一个独立的Session对象。

Session生命周期：

会话不结束（浏览器未关闭）。
默认生存时间为30分钟。

Session运行原理：

1.用户第一次访问Servlet时，服务器会为其创建一个带有SessionId的独立Session对象。
2.响应时，SessionId会被装进Cookie中，进而被保存到浏览器中。
3.用户再次访问Servlet时，Cookie中的SessionId将会被服务器拿去查询是否存有对应Session对象。

测试Session运行原理：

获取Session对象并添加值：

public class Demo01 extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("username", username);
        System.out.println(session.getId());
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

获取Session域数据：

public class Demo02 extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String username = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
        response.getWriter().write(username + " " + session.getId());
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

域对象作用范围：

Context域：作用于某一个项目的整个工程。
Session域：一个会话的整个过程中。
Request域：只作用于一次请求中。

Context域 > Session域 > Request域

Session域的钝化与活化：

钝化：服务器停止时，系统将Session中实现Serializable（序列化接口）的对象保存为服务器工作空间及work文件夹下文件的过程。
活化：服务器重启时，把work文件夹下钝化的文件读回Session的过程。

简单实现购物车添加及查看功能：

1.存储商品信息的类：包含编号和商品名两个属性，为防止服务器突然停止，丢失Session中的状态，商品类实现序列化。
2.获取商品的工具类（模拟假数据）：类有存放商品的容器、获取容器的方法、商品编号获取商品的方法。
3.商品展示的Servlet类：获取商品信息类。
4.添加购物车的Servlet类：根据展示Servlet类，传入商品编号，获取商品存入新容器，并将新容器添加到Session中。
5.显示购物车信息的Servlet类：获取Session中存入容器信息，对容器进行遍历输出显示。

商品信息类：

public class Book implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 序列化
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String id;
    private String name;
    public Book() {
        super();
    }
    public Book(String id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "编号：" + id + ", 书名：" + name;
    }
}

获取商品的工具类：

public class BookUtil {
    private static HashMap<String, Book> books = new HashMap<>();
    static {
        books.put("1", new Book("1", "葵花宝典"));
        books.put("2", new Book("2", "九阴真经"));
        books.put("3", new Book("3", "辟邪剑谱"));
        books.put("4", new Book("4", "九阳神功"));
    }

    public static HashMap<String, Book> getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public static Book findBookById(String id) {
        return books.get(id);
    }
}

商品展示Servlet类：

public class ShowAllBooks extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        String path = request.getContextPath();
        HashMap<String, Book> books = BookUtil.getBooks();
        for (String key : books.keySet()) {
            Book book = books.get(key);
            out.write("<a href='" + path + "/addBook?id="+ book.getId() +"'>"+ book.getName() +"</a><br />");
        }
        out.write("<a href='"+ path +"/showCar'>查看购物车</a>");
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

添加购物车Servlet类:

public class AddBook extends HttpServlet {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String id = request.getParameter("id");
        Book book = BookUtil.findBookById(id);
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        ArrayList<Book> car = (ArrayList<Book>)session.getAttribute("car");
        if (car == null) {
            car = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        car.add(book);
        session.setAttribute("car", car);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

显示购物车Servlet类:

public class ShowCar extends HttpServlet {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        ArrayList<Book> car = (ArrayList<Book>)session.getAttribute("car");
        if (car != null) {
            for (Book book : car) {
                out.write(book + "<br />");
            }
        } else {
            out.write("购物车是空的");
            response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url=" + request.getContextPath() + "/showAllBooks");
        }
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

人类与计算机的图灵测试（验证码）：

导入jar包：ValidateCode.jar

public class CodeServlert extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ValidateCode vCode = new ValidateCode(100, 25, 4, 9);
        String code = vCode.getCode();
        request.getSession().setAttribute("wcode", code);
        vCode.write(response.getOutputStream());
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}