arXiv Journal 2021-01-21

• hep-ph: 3 papers
• hep-th: 1 paper
• quant-ph: 1 paper

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hep-ph: 1 paper

Title: The LHC Olympics 2020 [arXiv:2101.08320]

Abstract: A new paradigm for data-driven, model-agnostic new physics searches at colliders is emerging, and aims to leverage recent breakthroughs in anomaly detection and machine learning. In order to develop and benchmark new anomaly detection methods within this framework, it is essential to have standard datasets. To this end, we have created the LHC Olympics 2020, a community challenge accompanied by a set of simulated collider events. Participants in these Olympics have developed their methods using an R&D dataset and then tested them on black boxes: datasets with an unknown anomaly (or not). This paper will review the LHC Olympics 2020 challenge, including an overview of the competition, a description of methods deployed in the competition, lessons learned from the experience, and implications for data analyses with future datasets as well as future colliders.

Comments: Wow, a very interesting event. Do we have it in this year?

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Title: On Mass and Matter [arXiv:2101.08340.]

Abstract: The visible Universe is largely characterised by a single mass-scale; namely, the proton mass, mp. Contemporary theory suggests that mp emerges as a consequence of gluon self-interactions, which are a defining characteristic of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions in the Standard Model. However, the proton is not elementary. Its mass appears as a corollary of other, more basic emergent phenomena latent in the QCD Lagrangian, e.g. generation of nuclear-size gluon and quark mass-scales, and a unique effective charge that may describe QCD interactions at all accessible momentum scales. These remarks are explained herein; and focusing on the distribution amplitudes and functions of π and K mesons, promising paths for their empirical verification are elucidated. Connected therewith, in anticipation that production of J/ψ-mesons using π and K beams can provide access to the gluon distributions in these pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone modes, predictions for all π and K distribution functions are provided at the scale ζ = mJ/ψ.

Comments: Look at the last sentence, a very strong statement.

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Title: Charming ALPs [arXiv:2101.07803]

Abstract: Axion-like particles (ALPs) are ubiquitous in models of new physics explaining some of the most pressing puzzles of the Standard Model. However, until relatively recently, little attention has been paid to its interplay with flavour. In this work, we study in detail the phenomenology of ALPs that exclusively interact with up-type quarks at the tree-level, which arise in some well-motivated ultraviolet completions such as QCD-like dark sectors or Froggatt-Nielsen type models of flavour. Our study is performed in the low-energy effective theory to highlight the key features of these scenarios in a model independent way. We derive all the existing constraints on these models and demonstrate how upcoming experiments at fixed-target facilities and the LHC can probe a vast region of the parameter space, which is currently not excluded by cosmological and astrophysical bounds. We also emphasize how a future measurement of the currently unavailable meson decay D → π + invisible could complement these upcoming searches and help to probe a large unexplored region of their parameter space.

Comments:

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hep-th: 1 paper

Title: Bounds on Crossing Symmetry [arXiv:2101.08266]

Abstract: Proposed in 1954 by Gell-Mann, Goldberger, and Thirring, crossing symmetry postulates that particles are indistinguishable from anti-particles traveling back in time. Its elusive proof amounts to demonstrating that scattering matrices in different crossing channels are boundary values of the same analytic function, as a consequence of physical axioms such as causality, locality, or unitarity. In this work we report on the progress in proving crossing symmetry on-shell within the framework of perturbative quantum field theory. We derive bounds on internal masses above which scattering amplitudes are crossing-symmetric to all loop orders. They are valid for four- and five-point processes, or to all multiplicity if one allows deformations of momenta into higher dimensions at intermediate steps.

Comments: An interesting paper. We should read it.

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quant-ph: 1 paper

Title: Quantum Correlations in Space-Time: Foundations and Applications [arXiv:2101.08693]

Abstract: The absolute/relative debate on the nature of space and time is ongoing for thousands of years. Here we attempt to investigate space and time from the information theoretic point of view to understand spatial and temporal correlations under the relative assumption. Correlations, as a measure of relationship between two quantities, do not distinguish space and time in classical probability theory; quantum correlations in space are well-studied but temporal correlations are not well understood. The thesis investigates quantum correlations in space-time, by treating temporal correlations equally in form as spatial correlations and unifying quantum correlations in space and time. In particular, we follow the pseudo-density matrix formalism in which quantum states in spacetime are properly defined by correlations from measurements.
We first review classical correlations, quantum correlations in space and time, to motivate the pseudo-density matrix formalism in finite dimensions. Next we generalise the pseudo-density matrix formulation to continuous variables and general measurements. Specifically, we define Gaussian spacetime states by the first two statistical moments, and for general continuous variables spacetime states are defined via the Wigner function representation. We also define spacetime quantum states in position measurements and weak measurements for general measurement processes. Then we compare the pseudo-density matrix formalism with other spacetime formulations: indefinite causal structures, consistent his- tories, generalised non-local games, out-of-time-order correlation functions, and path integrals. We argue that in non-relativistic quantum mechanics, different spacetime formulations are closely related and almost equivalent via quantum correlations, except path integrals. Finally, we apply the pseudo-density matrix formulation to time crystals. By defining time crystals as long-range order in time, we analyse continuous and discrete time translation symmetry as well as discuss the existence of time crystals from an algebraic point of view. Finally, we summarise our work and provide the outlook for future directions.

Comments: A PhD thesis