arXiv Journal 2021-01-14

2021-01-14

• hep-ex: 1 paper
• hep-ph: 4 papers
• hep-lat: 2 papers
• hep-th: 1 paper

We have lots of interesting papers today. But we always don’t have time to read them. Sad…

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hep-ex: 1 paper

Title: LHCb: Status and Prospects on the b Anomalies [arXiv:2101.04709]

Abstract: Since the start of the Large Hadron Collider program, direct searches for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) particles have constrained their mass scale to limits which are now above the energy reach of the current collider. As a result, studies of indirect probes of BSM physics have gained a considerable momentum, both experimentally and theoretically. The flavour anomalies in b hadron decays are now recognized as an important laboratory for the indirect detection of BSM physics. This short review presents several key analyses in this area, and some prospects with future data.

Comments: I think it should be an educational review for physics on LHCb.

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hep-ph: 4 papers

Title: Determination of the parton distribution functions of the proton from ATLAS measurements of differential 𝑾^± and 𝒁 boson production in association with jets [arXiv:2101.05095]

Abstract: This article presents a new set of proton parton distribution functions, ATLASepWZVjet20, produced in an analysis at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD. The new data sets considered are the measurements of 𝑊 and 𝑊 boson and 𝑍 boson production in association with jets in 𝑝𝑝 collisions at sqrt(𝑠) = 8 TeV performed by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC with integrated luminosities of 20.2 fb and 19.9 fb, respectively. The analysis also considers the ATLAS measurements of differential 𝑊 and 𝑍 boson production at 𝑠 = 7 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb and deep-inelastic-scattering data from 𝑒 𝑝 collisions at the HERA accelerator. An improved determination of the sea-quark densities at high Bjorken 𝑥 is shown, while confirming a strange-quark density similar in size to the up- and down-sea-quark densities in the range 𝑥 􏰁 0.02 found by previous ATLAS analyses.

Comments: Really want to know how ATLAS did their job and the comparisons to popular PDFs.

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Title: Simultaneous Monte Carlo analysis of parton densities and fragmentation functions [arXiv:2101.04664]

Abstract: We perform a comprehensive new Monte Carlo analysis of high-energy lepton-lepton, lepton- hadron and hadron-hadron scattering data to simultaneously determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton and parton to hadron fragmentation functions (FFs). The analysis includes all available semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and single-inclusive e+e− annihilation data for pions, kaons and unidentified charged hadrons, which allows the flavor dependence of the fragmentation functions to be constrained. Employing a new multi-step fitting strategy and more flexible parametrizations for both PDFs and FFs, we assess the impact of different data sets on sea quark densities, and confirm the previously observed suppression of the strange quark distribution. The new fit, which we refer to as “JAM20-SIDIS”, will allow for improved studies of universality of parton correlation functions, including transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions, across a wide variety of process, and the matching of collinear to TMD factorization descriptions.

Comments: Wow, how to do it simultaneously? I understand we can do the fit together, but I want to know more!

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Title: Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande [arXiv:2101.05269]

Abstract: Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants—neutron stars and black holes—are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood.
Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic corecollapse supernova in unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst, corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokande’s response to five different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a distance of up to 100 kpc.
Once the next galactic supernova happens, this ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations towards a precise reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature.

Comments:

1. I’m not familiar with supernovae physics. It sounds cool for sure.
2. Hyper-K. is important.

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Title: Deuteron Uncertainties in the Determination of Proton PDFs [arXiv:2011.00009]

Abstract: We evaluate the uncertainties due to nuclear effects in global fits of proton parton distribu- tion functions (PDFs) that utilise deep–inelastic scattering and Drell–Yan data on deuterium targets. To do this we use an iterative procedure to determine proton and deuteron PDFs simul- taneously, each including the uncertainties in the other. We apply this procedure to determine the nuclear uncertainties in the SLAC, BCDMS, NMC and DYE866/NuSea fixed target deuteron data included in the NNPDF3.1 global fit. We show that the effect of the nuclear uncertainty on the proton PDFs is small, and that the increase in overall uncertainties is insignificant once we correct for nuclear effects.

Comments:

1. I wonder how different would proton and deuteron PDFs are.
2. What kind of nuclear effects we have to consider.
3. Hi there, Prof. Ball.

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hep-lat: 2 papers

Title: Lattice determinations of the strong coupling [arXiv:2101.04762]

Abstract: Lattice QCD has reached a mature status. State of the art lattice computations include u, d, s (and even the c) sea quark effects, together with an estimate of electromagnetic and isospin breaking corrections for hadronic observables. This precise and first principles description of the standard model at low energies allows the determination of multiple quantities that are essential inputs for phenomenology and not accessible to perturbation theory.
One of the fundamental parameters that are determined from simulations of lattice QCD is the strong coupling constant, which plays a central role in the quest for precision at the LHC. Lattice calculations currently provide its best determinations, and will play a central role in future phenomenological studies. For this reason we believe that it is timely to provide a pedagogical introduction to the lattice determinations of the strong coupling. Rather than analysing individual studies, the emphasis will be on the methodologies and the systematic errors that arise in these determinations. We hope that these notes will help lattice practitioners, and QCD phenomenologists at large, by providing a self- contained introduction to the methodology and the possible sources of systematic error.
The limiting factors in the determination of the strong coupling turn out to be different from the ones that limit other lattice precision observables. We hope to collect enough information here to allow the reader to appreciate the challenges that arise in order to improve further our knowledge of a quantity that is crucial for LHC phenomenology

Comments:

1. It’s good to be updated with Lattice current status.
2. Hi there, Prof. Del Debbio.

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Title: A Demonstration of Hadron Mass Origin from QCD Trace Anomaly [arXiv:2101.04942]

Abstract: Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) claims that the major source of the nucleon invariant mass is not the Higgs mechanism but QCD energy momentum tensor trace anomaly. Although experimental and theoretical results support such conclusion, a direct demonstration is still absent. We present the first Lattice QCD calculation of the quark and gluon trace anomaly contributions to the hadron masses, using the overlap fermion on the 2+1 flavor dynamical Domain wall quark ensemble at mπ = 340 MeV and lattice spacing a =0.1105 fm. The result shows that the gluon trace anomaly contributes most of the nucleon mass, and the contribution in the pion state is smaller than that in others nearly by a factor 10. The quark mass and gluon anomalous dimensions are comparable with the continuum theoretical prediction under MS scheme at the scale μ = 1/a=1.785 GeV.

Comments: Again, let’s keep updated with Lattice current status.

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hep-th: 1 paper

Title: Vacuum loops in light-front field theory [arXiv:1812.02336]

Abstract: We demonstrate that vacuum diagrams in ”native” light front (LF) field theory are non-zero, in spite of simple kinematical counter-arguments (positivity and conservation of the LF momentum p+, absence of Fourier zero mode). Using the light-front Hamiltonian (time-ordered) perturbation theory, the vacuum amplitudes in self-interacting scalar λφ³(1 + 1) and λφ⁴(1 + 1) models are obtained as p = 0 limit of the associated self-energy diagrams, where p is the external momentum. They behave as Cλ2μ−2 in D=2, with μ being the scalar-field mass, or diverge in D=4, in agreement with the usual ”equal-time” form of field theory, and with the same value of the constant C. The simplest vacuum diagram with two internal lines is analyzed in detail displaying the subtle role of the small k+ region and its connection to the p = 0 limit. However, the vacuum bubbles in the genuine light-front field theory are nonvanishing not due to the Fourier mode carrying LF momentum k+ = 0 (as is the case in the LF evaluation of the covariant Feynman diagrams), in full accord with the observation that the LF perturbation theory formula breaks down in the exact zero-mode case. This is made explicit using the DLCQ method - the discretized (finite-volume) version of the theory, where the light-front zero modes are manifestly absent, but the vacuum am- plitudes still converge to their continuum-theory values with the increasing ”harmonic resolution” K.

Comments: Maybe it’s helpful, maybe it’s not. Let’s see.