Numpy.diag(v, k = 0)

np.diag(v, k = 0)

一句话总结：Extract a diagonal or construct a diagonal array.
即既可以以一维数组的形式返回对角线元素，也可以将一维数组转换成方阵。
参数意义：

• v (array_like)

1. When v is a 2-D array, returns a copy of its k-th diagonal.
2. When v is a 1-D array, returns a 2-D array with v on its k-th diagonal.

• k(int, optional)
  Default:0
  k>0: diagnals above the main diagonal.
  k<0: diagonals below the main diagonal.

理解：

m = np.arange(1, 10).reshape(3, 3)
n = np.arange(1, 10)
p = np.diag(m, k = 0)
q = np.diag(n, k = 0)

output：

#m
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6],
       [7,