LINQ to XML 学习笔记

LINQ to XML 可以看作是一个 “better DOM” 编程模型，可以和 System.Xml.dll 程序集中的很多成员交互。

一、命名空间

System.Xml.Linq.dll 程序集定义了三个命名空间：System.Xml.Linq, System.Xml.Schema  和 System.Xml.XPath

最核心的是 System.Xml.Linq， 定义了对应 XML 文档个方面的很多类型

Member of System.Xml.Linq	Meaning in Life
XAttribute	Represents an XML attribute on a given XML element
XComment	Represents an XML comment
XDeclaration	Represents the opening declaration of an XML document
XDocument	Represents the entirety of an XML document
XElement	Represents a given element within an XML document
XName/XNamespace	Provide a very simple manner to define and reference XML namespaces

二、编程方式创建XML文档

以前的 .NET XML编程模型需要使用很多冗长的 DOM API，而 LINQ to XML 则完全可以用与 DOM 无关的方式与 XML 文档交互。这样不但大大减少了代码行，而且这种编程模型可以直接映射到格式良好的XML文档结构。

static   void  CreateFunctionalXmlElement()
{
//  A "functional" approach to build an
//  XML element in memory.
XElement inventory  =
new  XElement( " Inventory " ,
new  XElement( " Car " ,  new  XAttribute( " ID " ,  " 1 " ),
new  XElement( " Color " ,  " Green " ),
new  XElement( " Make " ,  " BMW " ),
new  XElement( " PetName " ,  " Stan " )
)
);
//  Call ToString() on our XElement.
Console.WriteLine(inventory);
}

在内存中创建XML文档

         static   void  CreateFunctionalXmlDoc()
        {
            XDocument inventoryDoc  =
             new  XDocument(
             new  XDeclaration( " 1.0 " ,  " utf-8 " ,  " yes " ),
             new  XComment( " Current Inventory of AutoLot " ),
             new  XElement( " Inventory " ,
             new  XElement( " Car " ,  new  XAttribute( " ID " ,  " 1 " ),
             new  XElement( " Color " ,  " Green " ),
             new  XElement( " Make " ,  " BMW " ),
             new  XElement( " PetName " ,  " Stan " )
            ),
             new  XElement( " Car " ,  new  XAttribute( " ID " ,  " 2 " ),
             new  XElement( " Color " ,  " Pink " ),
             new  XElement( " Make " ,  " Yugo " ),
             new  XElement( " PetName " ,  " Melvin " )
            )
            )
            );
             //  Display the document and save to disk.
            Console.WriteLine(inventoryDoc);
            inventoryDoc.Save( " SimpleInventory.xml " );
        }

三、使用 LINQ 查询创建XML文档

static   void  CreateXmlDocFromArray()
{
//  Create an anonymous array of anonymous types.
var data  =   new  [] {
new  { PetName  =   " Melvin " , ID  =   10  },
new  { PetName  =   " Pat " , ID  =   11  },
new  { PetName  =   " Danny " , ID  =   12  },
new  { PetName  =   " Clunker " , ID  =   13  }
};
//  Now enumerate over the array to build
//  an XElement.
XElement vehicles  =
new  XElement( " Inventory " ,
from c  in  data
select  new  XElement( " Car " ,
new  XAttribute( " ID " , c.ID),
new  XElement( " PetName " , c.PetName)
)
);
Console.WriteLine(vehicles);
}

四、加载和解析XML内容

  static   void  LoadExistingXml()
        {
             //  Build an XElement from string.
             string  myElement  =
                                         @" <Car ID ='3'>
                            <Color>Yellow</Color>
                            <Make>Yugo</Make>
                            </Car> " ;
            XElement newElement  =  XElement.Parse(myElement);
            Console.WriteLine(newElement);
            Console.WriteLine();
             //  Load the SimpleInventory.xml file.
            XDocument myDoc  =  XDocument.Load( " SimpleInventory.xml " );
            Console.WriteLine(myDoc);
        }

六、遍历内存中的XML文档

XML示例：

<? xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " utf-8 " ?>
< Inventory >
   < Car carID  = " 0 " >
     < Make > Ford </ Make >
     < Color > Blue </ Color >
     < PetName > Chuck </ PetName >
   </ Car >
   < Car carID  = " 1 " >
     < Make > VW </ Make >
     < Color > Silver </ Color >
     < PetName > Mary </ PetName >
   </ Car >
   < Car carID  = " 2 " >
     < Make > Yugo </ Make >
     < Color > Pink </ Color >
     < PetName > Gipper </ PetName >
   </ Car >
   < Car carID  = " 55 " >
     < Make > Ford </ Make >
     < Color > Yellow </ Color >
     862  CHAPTER  24  n PROGRAMMING WITH THE LINQ APIS
     < PetName > Max </ PetName >
   </ Car >
   < Car carID  = " 98 " >
     < Make > BMW </ Make >
     < Color > Black </ Color >
     < PetName > Zippy </ PetName >
   </ Car >
</ Inventory >

加载

static   void  Main( string [] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine( " ***** Fun with LINQ to XML *****/n " );
             //  Load the Inventory.xml document into memory.
            XElement doc  =  XElement.Load( " Inventory.xml " );
             //  We will author each of these next
            PrintAllPetNames(doc);
            Console.WriteLine();
            GetAllFords(doc);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

遍历

static   void  PrintAllPetNames(XElement doc)
{
var petNames  =  from pn  in  doc.Descendants( " PetName " )
select pn.Value;
foreach  (var name  in  petNames)
Console.WriteLine( " Name: {0} " , name);
}

查询

static   void  GetAllFords(XElement doc)
        {
            var fords  =  from c  in  doc.Descendants( " Make " )
                         where  c.Value  ==   " Ford "
                        select c;
             foreach  (var f  in  fords)
                Console.WriteLine( " Name: {0} " , f);
        }

七、修改 XML文档

static   void  AddNewElements(XElement doc)
{
//  Add 5 new purple Fords to the incoming document.
for  ( int  i  =   0 ; i  <   5 ; i ++ )
{
//  Create a new XElement
XElement newCar  =
new  XElement( " Car " ,  new  XAttribute( " ID " , i  +   1000 ),
new  XElement( " Color " ,  " Green " ),
new  XElement( " Make " ,  " Ford " ),
new  XElement( " PetName " ,  "" )
);
//  Add to doc.
doc.Add(newCar);
}
//  Show the updates.
Console.WriteLine(doc);
}