Linux常用命令英文全称

有关编辑文档的命令：

保存命令
按ESC键 跳到命令模式，然后度：
:w 保存问文件但不退出vi
:w file 将修改另外保存到file中，不退出vi
:w!答 强制保存，不推出vi
:wq 保存文件并退出vi
:wq! 强制保存文件，并退出vi
q: 不保存文件，退出vi
:q! 不保存文件，强制退专出vi
:e! 放弃所有修改，从上次保存文件开属始再编辑

source 命令找不到的情况（修改完/etc/profile文件之后，使其生效）

1）修改完成/etc/profile，使其生效

    source /etc/profile   -提示找不到命令

 

    试试：A）locate source /etc/profile

    试试：B）usr/bin/source /etc/profile

命令缩写：
ls ： list( 列出目录内容 )
cd： Change Directory （改变目录）
su:switch user 切换用户
rpm:redhat package manager 红帽子打包管理器
pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录
的绝对路径
ps: process status( 进程状态，类似于 windows 的任务管理器 )
常用参数：－ auxf
ps -auxf 显示进程状态
df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点
信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多
少自由的空间。
rpm： 即 RedHat Package Management，是 RedHat 的发明之一
rmdir ： Remove Directory （删除目录）
rm： Remove（删除目录或文件）
cat: concatenate 连锁 cat file1 file2>>file3 把文件 1 和文
件 2 的内容联合起来放到 file3 中

 

insmod: install module,	载入模块
ln -s : link -soft	创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方

式
mkdir ： Make Directory( 创建目录
touch
man: Manual
pwd： Print working directory
su： Swith user
cd： Change directory
ls ： List files
ps： Process Status
mkdir ： Make directory
rmdir ： Remove directory
mkfs: Make file system
fsck ： File system check
cat: Concatenate
uname: Unix name
df: Disk free
du: Disk usage
lsmod: List modules
mv: Move file
rm: Remove file
cp: Copy file
ln: Link files
fg: Foreground
bg: Background
chown: Change owner
chgrp: Change group
chmod: Change mode
umount: Unmount
dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“ Convert an copy”命名为“ cc”，
但“cc”已经被用以代表“ C Complier ”，所以命名为“ dd”
tar ： Tape archive
ldd ： List dynamic dependencies
insmod： Install module
rmmod： Remove module
lsmod： List module
文件结尾的 "rc" （如 .bashrc 、 .xinitrc 等）： Resource
configuration
Knnxxx / Snnxxx（位于 rcx.d 目录下） ： K（Kill ） ； S(Service) ；
nn（执行顺序号）； xxx （服务标识）
.a （扩展名 a）： Archive ， static library
.so（扩展名 so） ： Shared object ， dynamically linked library
.o（扩展名 o） ： Object file ， complied result of C/C++ source
file
RPM： Red hat package manager
dpkg： Debian package manager
apt ： Advanced package tool （Debian 或基于 Debian 的发行版
中提供）
部分 Linux 命令缩
bin = BINaries # 下面的是一些二进制程序文件
/dev = DEVices # 下面的是一些硬件驱动
/etc = ETCetera # 目录存放着各种系统配置文件 , 类似于 windows 下的 syst
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable ?
/boot=boot # 下面的是开机启动文件
FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字， SQL = Structured Query Language
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
PS = Prompt String
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Ecl
Lister"
Python 得名于电视剧 Monty Python's Flying Circus
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = "a patchy" server
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
bg = BackGround
biff = 作者 Heidi Stettner 在 U.C.Berkely 养的一条狗 , 喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫
cal = CALendar
cat = CATenate
cd = Change Directory
chgrp = CHange GRouP
chmod = CHange MODe
chown = CHange OWNer
chsh = CHange SHell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
comm = common
cp = CoPy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump
df = Disk Free
diff = DIFFerence
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe's Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
ln = LiNk
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
lsof = LiSt Open Files
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = MaKe NODe
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = MoVe
nano = Nano's ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = pager
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
ping = 拟声 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
rc = runcom = run command, rc 还是 plan9 的 shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
rsh, rlogin, rvim 中的 r = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream EDitor
seq = SEQuence
shar = SHell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure SHell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User
svn = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T 形水管接口 )
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tex = τ? χνη的缩写，希腊文 art
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom's Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User's LIMIT
umask = User's MASK
uniq = UNIQue
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
vim = Vi IMproved
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
su = Switch User
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA = European Computer Manufacturers Association