图像处理（一）

Python中配置opencv
编译环境为使用anaconda
灰度处理方法一
cv2.imread()

import cv2
img0=cv2.imread('image.jpg',0) # 0 灰度图 
img1=cv2.imread('image.jpg',1) # 1 彩色图片
print(img0.shape)
print(img1.shape)
cv2.imshow('src',img0)
cv2.waitKey(0)

方法二
颜色空间转换

import cv2
img=cv2.imread('image.jpg',1) 
dst=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # 颜色空间转换
cv2.imshow('dst',dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)

方法三 gray=（R+G+B）/3

# gray=(r+g+b)/3
import cv2
import numpy as np
img=cv2.imread('image.jpg',1) 
imginfo=img.shape
height=imginfo[0]
width=imginfo[1]
dst=np.zeros((height,width,3),np.uint8)
for i in range(0,height):
    for j in range(0,width):
        (b,g,r)=img[i,j]
        gray=(int(b)+int(g)+int(r))/3
        dst[i,j]=np.nint8(gray)
cv2.imshow('dst',dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)

方法四
gray=r*0.299+g*0.587+b*0.114

# gray = r*0.299+g*0.587+b*0.114
import cv2
import numpy as np
img=cv2.imread('image.jpg',1) 
imginfo=img.shape
height=imginfo[0]
width=imginfo[1]
dst=np.zeros((height,width,3),np.uint8)
for i in range(0,height):
    for j in range(0,width):
        (b,g,r)=img[i,j]
        b=int(b)
        g=int(g)
        r=int(r)
        gray=r*0.299+g*0.587+b*0.114
        dst[i,j]=np.nint8(gray)
cv2.imshow('dst',dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)

优化
定点运算优于浮点，+- 优于 / 移位优于 /

#算法优化
# 定点 >  浮点     +- > */   移位 >*/
# gray = (r*0.299+g*0.587+b*0.114)*4  近似等于gray=r+2g+b
# 降低误差方式   倍数   1000
import cv2
import numpy as np
img=cv2.imread('image.jpg',1) 
imginfo=img.shape
height=imginfo[0]
width=imginfo[1]
dst=np.zeros((height,width,3),np.uint8)
for i in range(0,height):
    for j in range(0,width):
        (b,g,r)=img[i,j]
        b=int(b)
        g=int(g)
        r=int(r)
        #gray=(r*1+g*2+b*1)/4  # 优化一
        gray=(r+(g<<1)+b)>>2  # 优化二
        dst[i,j]=np.nint8(gray)
cv2.imshow('dst',dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)