C语言学习与总结---第八章：指针[03]

8.6 指针与字符串

8.6.1 字符串的表示

（1）用字符数组存放一个字符串

#include<stdio.h>  
int main()  
{
     
    char string[] = "I Love China!";  
    printf("%s\n", string);  
    return 0;  
}  

（2）用字符指针指向一个字符串

#include<stdio.h>  
int main()  
{
     
    char* string = "I Love China!";  
    printf("%s\n", string);  
    return 0;  
}

注意：

char* string = "I Love China!"; 

等价于

char* string; string = "I Love China!"; 

而不是

char* string; *string = "I Love China!"; 

例，字符串的复制：将字符数组a里面的字符串复制到字符数组b.

#include<stdio.h>  
int main()  
{
     
    char a[] = "I am a boy.", b[20];  
    int i;  
    for (i = 0; *(a + i) != '\0'; i++)  
        *(b + i) = *(a + i);  
    *(b + i) = '\0';  //当循环结束时，指针位置跳到i+1，正好是结束符的位置；
    printf("string a is : %s\n", a);  
    printf("string b is : ");  
    for (i = 0; b[i] != '\0'; i++)  
        printf("%c", b[i]);  
    printf("\n");  
    return 0;  
}

用指向字符数组的指针实现：

#include <stdio.h>  
int main()  
{
     
    char a[] = "I am a boy.", b[20], * p1, * p2;  
    p1 = a;  
    p2 = b;  
    for (; *p1 != '\0'; p1++, p2++)  
        *p2 = *p1;  
    *p2 = '\0';  
    printf("string a is: %s\n", a);  
    printf("string b is: %s\n", b);  
    return 0;  
}  

8.6.2 字符数组作函数参数

（1）实参形参都为字符数组

#include <stdio.h>  
void copy_string(char from[], char to[]);  
int main()  
{
     
    char a[] = "I am a teacher.";  
    char b[] = "you are a student.";  
    printf("string a = %s\nstring b = %s\n", a, b);  
    printf("copy string a to string b: \n");  
    copy_string(a, b);  
    printf("\nstring a = %s\nstring b = %s\n", a, b);  
    return 0;  
}  
void copy_string(char from[], char to[]</