Android文档管理器

一、前言

在Android低版本使用存储功能的时候，仅需要在AndroidManifest.xml中声明权限即可使用File进行访问，然而从5.0开始存储权限去要用户进行动态授权。到了10.0开始，Android开始要求使用SAF文档框架进行存储功能的使用，11.0开始禁止用户访问Android/data/目录，到了12.0开始，存储卡的最外层目录无法使用SAF框架获取。最近在开发过程中，需要同时访问多个根目录下面的文档，倘若使用SAF获取的话那么需要用户频繁授权。经过最终调研发现了只要用户授予以下权限，依然可以正常的使用File类进行访问。并且在Android12上面依然可以和低版本一样使用。该方式可以实现文档管理器功能

二、AndroidManifest.xml

需要添加以下权限

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
     <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:preserveLegacyExternalStorage="true"
        android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true">
        </application>

三、核心权限申请

@file:JvmName("PermissionUtils")
package com.rockey.clean.common.fileproviderutil

import android.Manifest
import android.app.AppOpsManager
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.net.Uri
import android.os.Build
import android.os.Environment
import android.provider.Settings
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity


// AppOpsManager.OPSTR_MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE is a @SystemAPI at the moment
// We should remove the annotation for applications to avoid hardcoded value
const val MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION = "android:manage_external_storage"
const val NOT_APPLICABLE = "N/A"
const val MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST = 1
const val READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST = 2

fun getStoragePermissionName(): String {
    return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
        MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION
    } else {
        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    }
}

fun openPermissionSettings(activity: AppCompatActivity) {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
        requestStoragePermissionApi30(activity)
    }
    else {
        activity.startActivity(
            Intent(
                Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS,
                Uri.fromParts("package", activity.packageName, null)
            )
        )
    }
}

fun getLegacyStorageStatus(): String {
    return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
        Environment.isExternalStorageLegacy().toString()
    } else {
        NOT_APPLICABLE
    }
}

fun getPermissionStatus(activity: AppCompatActivity): String {
    return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
        checkStoragePermissionApi30(activity).toString()
    } else {
        checkStoragePermissionApi19(activity).toString()
    }
}

fun checkStoragePermission(activity: FragmentActivity): Boolean {
    return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
        checkStoragePermissionApi30(activity)
    } else {
        checkStoragePermissionApi19(activity)
    }
}

fun requestStoragePermission(activity: FragmentActivity) {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
        requestStoragePermissionApi30(activity)
    }
    // If you want to see the default storage behavior on Android Q once the permission is granted
    // Set the "requestLegacyExternalStorage" flag in the AndroidManifest.xml file to false
    else {
        requestStoragePermissionApi19(activity)
    }
}

@RequiresApi(30)
fun checkStoragePermissionApi30(activity: FragmentActivity): Boolean {
    val appOps = activity.getSystemService(AppOpsManager::class.java)
    val mode = appOps.unsafeCheckOpNoThrow(
        MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION,
        activity.applicationInfo.uid,
        activity.packageName
    )

    return mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED
}

@RequiresApi(30)
fun requestStoragePermissionApi30(activity: FragmentActivity) {
    //val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION)
    //以下方式可以跳转至指定的应用的设置页面，上面的Action无法做到
      try {
        val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION)
        intent.data = Uri.parse("package:" + activity.packageName)//添加包名的方式使用这种方式
          //    intent.data = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.packageName, null); 这种方式也是可以的
        activity.startActivityForResult(intent, MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST)
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        try {
            activity.startActivityForResult(Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION), MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST)
        } catch (e: Exception) {

        }
    }
//以下两种写法会出问题，需要注意
//    val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION)
//    intent.data = Uri.parse("package:" + activity.packageName)
//    activity.startActivityForResult(intent, MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST)
// 和
//        val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION)
//        activity.startActivityForResult(intent, MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST)
}

@RequiresApi(19)
fun checkStoragePermissionApi19(activity: FragmentActivity): Boolean {
    val status =
        ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)

    return status == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
}

@RequiresApi(19)
fun requestStoragePermissionApi19(activity: FragmentActivity) {
    val permissions = arrayOf(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
        activity,
        permissions,
        READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST
    )
}

四、使用方式

具体使用方式如下:

    private fun initStorePermission(){
        val isHasPermission = checkStoragePermission(requireActivity())
        if (!isHasPermission){//假如没有权限则进行授权判断
            requestStoragePermission(requireContext())
        }else{
            //已经授权成功
        }
    }

五、拓展资料

ACTION_GET_CONTENT和ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT之间的真正区别是什么？
android 调用系统文件管理器（打开手机自带的文件管理器)
ACTION OPEN DOCUMENT TREE only returns empty Recent folder

五、参考链接

1. storage-samples/FileManager at main · android/storage-samples · GitHub