【设计模式】结构型模式3——装饰者模式

decorator与concreteComponent通过继承重写相同方法，同时decorator通过组合依赖concreteComponent，在不修改concreteComponent的方法的情况下进行拓展。

案例（主体咖啡，装饰者各种调料，最后组合得到的统称为饮品）

/**
 * 角色（Component）
 */
public abstract class Drink {
    protected int price;
    protected String description;

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public abstract int cost();

    public abstract String bill();
}

/**
 * 可以在ConcreteComponent与component中间将共同方法再抽象一层
 */
public abstract class Coffee extends Drink{

    @Override
    public int cost() {
//        System.out.println(getDescription() + " : " + getPrice());
        return this.getPrice();
    }

    @Override
    public String bill() {
        return this.getDescription() + "(" + this.cost() + ")";
    }
}

/**
 * 角色（ConcreteComponent）
 */
public class LongCoffee extends Coffee{

    public LongCoffee(){
        setPrice(1);
        setDescription("美式咖啡");
    }
}

/**
 * 角色（ConcreteComponent）
 */
public class ShotCoffee extends Coffee{

    public ShotCoffee(){
        setPrice(3);
        setDescription("浓缩咖啡");
    }

}

/**
 * 角色（Decorator）
 */
public abstract class Condiment extends Drink{

    protected Drink drink;

    public Condiment(Drink drink){
        this.drink = drink;
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return drink.cost() + this.getPrice();
    }

    @Override
    public String bill(){
        return drink.bill() + " && " + this.getDescription() + "(" + this.price + ")";
    }

    public void complete(){
        System.out.println("总价 : " + this.cost());
        System.out.println("发票 : " + this.bill());
    }
}

/**
 * 角色（ConcreteDecorator）
 */
public class Chocolate extends Condiment{

    public Chocolate(Drink drink) {
        super(drink);
        setPrice(5);
        setDescription("巧克力");
    }
}

/**
 * 角色（ConcreteDecorator）
 */
public class Milk extends Condiment{

    public Milk(Drink drink) {
        super(drink);
        setPrice(6);
        setDescription("牛奶");
    }
}

测试类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LongCoffee longCoffee = new LongCoffee();
        Milk milk = new Milk(longCoffee);

        milk.complete();

        Chocolate chocolate = new Chocolate(milk);

        chocolate.complete();
    }
}

结果

inputStream中源码应用

可以看出FilterInputStream是decorator角色，一般BufferInputStream也是通过装饰FileInputStream来使用

FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\decoratorPattern"));
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);

BufferedInputStream的read()默认调用FileInputStream的read(byte b[], int off, int len)，这也是为什么都是使用read()，而BufferedInputStream比FileInputStream效率高的原因，单纯因为是FileInputStream的两个不同方法，默认做没做缓冲的区别

    public int read(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
        return in.read(b, off, len);
    }

HttpServletRequestWrapper类是HttpServletRequest类的装饰类，解决乱码问题就在这里解决