【设计模式】行为型模式8——状态模式

优点

1. 封装转换规则
2. 将一个状态相关的操作放在一个类中，Context只需要切换自己的状态就能做相应操作
3. 取代if块
4. 可以被多个Context共享一个State

缺点

1. 不符合开闭原则
2. 结构与实现复杂

使用场景

1. 行为随状态改变而改变的场景
2. 条件、分支语句的代替者

/**
 * 角色（Context）
 */
public class Factory {

    private State state;
    private HashMap<String, State> stateMap;
    private int inventory;

    public Factory() {
        stateMap = new HashMap<>();
        OrderState orderState = new OrderState();
        ProcessOrderState processOrderState = new ProcessOrderState();
        StopOrderState stopOrderState = new StopOrderState();

        stateMap.put(orderState.getName(), orderState);
        stateMap.put(processOrderState.getName(), processOrderState);
        stateMap.put(stopOrderState.getName(), stopOrderState);

        setInventory(3);
        setState(orderState);
    }

    public int getInventory() {
        return inventory;
    }

    public void setInventory(int inventory) {
        this.inventory = inventory;
    }

    public State getState(String name) {
        return stateMap.get(name);
    }

    public void setState(State state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    public void handle(){
        this.state.handle(this);
        System.out.println("生产厂状态变更，目前为：" + this.state.getName());
    }
}

public abstract class State {

    protected String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract void handle(Factory factory);
}


/**
 * 角色（ConcreteState）
 */
public class OrderState extends State{

    public OrderState() {
        this.setName("接受订单状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void handle(Factory factory) {
        System.out.println("正在接受订单......");
        if(factory.getInventory() == 0){
            System.out.println("暂无库存，目前不接受订单");
            factory.setState(factory.getState("不接受订单状态"));
        }else {
            factory.setInventory(factory.getInventory() - 1);
            factory.setState(factory.getState("订单处理状态"));
        }
    }
}


/**
 * 角色（ConcreteState）
 */
public class ProcessOrderState extends State{

    public ProcessOrderState() {
        this.setName("订单处理状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void handle(Factory factory) {
        System.out.println("订单处理中......");
        factory.setState(factory.getState("接受订单状态"));
        System.out.println("订单处理完成！！！剩余库存：" + factory.getInventory());
        if(factory.getInventory() <= 0){
            factory.setState(factory.getState("不接受订单状态"));
        }
    }
}


/**
 * 角色（ConcreteState）
 */
public class StopOrderState extends State{

    public StopOrderState() {
        this.setName("不接受订单状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void handle(Factory factory) {
        if(factory.getInventory() > 0){
            System.out.println("重新开始接受订单");
            factory.setState(factory.getState("接受订单状态"));
        }else {
            System.out.println("目前不接受订单，请谅解......");
        }
    }
}

测试类

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Factory factory = new Factory();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.setInventory(3);
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
        factory.handle();
    }
}

结果