字节输入流InputStream:可细分为FileInputStream、BufferedInputStream、ObjectInputStream等
字符输入流Reader:可细分为FileReader、BufferedReader、ObjectInputStream等
字节输出流OutputStream:可细分为FileOutputStream、BufferOutputStream、ObjectOutputStream等
字符输出流Writer:可细分为FileWriter、BufferWriter、ObjectWriter等
字节流按字节读取文件(8bit)
字符流按字符读取文件(1字符 = 2字节 = 16bit)