自考计算机科学与技术 - 英语(二) - 00015 - 笔记203 - 302

Muzzzzzz

已于 2024-08-15 16:10:55 修改

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文章标签：笔记

于 2024-08-14 14:28:39 首次发布

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Wine festival in France
September is harvest time. And with bunches of grapes swinging (摇摆)in the wind, the vineyards (葡萄园) of southern France are getting ready to celebrate it.
The yearly wine festival is held in honor of Bacchus, the Roman god of wine. It’s a fun time with parties, music, dancing, big meals and lots of wine.
French wine-making began more than 2500 years ago. The world’s oldest type of vine grows in France and always produces a good quality wine. Today France produces one-fifth of the world’s wine, and some of the most famous varieties.
The top wine-producing areas are Bordeaux, burgundy and the Loire Valley. Champagne, a drink used in celebrations, is named after the place where sparkling (有气泡的) wine was first produced in 1700. Wine is made from the juice of freshly picked grapes, it is the sugars that turn into alcohol. Traditionally, people used to take off their shoes and crush (挤压) the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice. Nowadays, this practice is usually carried out by machines. Each wine producing region has its own character, based on its type of grapes and soil.
The taste of wine changes with time. Until 1850, all French champagne was sweet. Now, both wine and champagne taste slightly bitter. The drink has always been linked with riches, romance and nobleness. Yet the French think of it in more ordinary terms. They believe it makes daily living easier, less hurried and with fewer problems. “All its links are with times when people are at their best; with relaxation, happiness, long slow meals and the free flow of ideas,” wrote wine expert Hugh Johnson.

French people celebrate the grape harvest in September.A

A.True

B.False

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In the early wine festival, people always enjoy themselves.C

A.True

B.False

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Wine-making in France has a history of 1700 years.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The world’s oldest type of vine grows in Britain.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Many varieties of wine produced in France are named after places.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
People used their hands to bring out the juice at early times.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Different regions in France produce the same type of wines.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
French wine tastes a little bitter now.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The French people believe that drinking wine is a good way to relax.A

A.True

B.False

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The people in cities drink wines more often than people in the villages in France.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Cell Phones
Believe it or not, cell phones have been around for over a quarter of a century. The first commercial (商业的) cell phone system was developed by the Japanese in 1979. But cell phones have changed a lot since that time. The early cell phones were big and heavy but they have been developed into small and light palm-sized models. There have been huge developments in their functions, too. We have had cell forwarding, text messaging, answering services and hands-free use for years, but now there are countless new uses, such as instant access to the internet and receiving and sending photos.
Cell phones have become very common in our lives; recent statistics suggest as many as one in three people on the planet now have a cell phone, and most of them say they can’t live without one. Cell phones are used in every area of our lives and have become a necessary tool, used for essential arrangements, social contact and business. They have made it easier to call for help on the highway. They have made it possible to keep in touch with people” on the move” when people are traveling.
Cell phones have made communication easier and have reduced the need for family arguments. We can use cell phones to let our family know we’ll be late or if there’s a change of plan or an emergency(紧急情况)。 Cell phones have eased the worries of millions of parents when their teenagers are out late, and they can now contact their children at any time.
This does not mean that cell phones are all good news. They have brought with them a number of new headaches for their owners: it costs a lot to replace stolen phones, something that is becoming a frequent occurrence, and have you ever seen such huge phone bills? More serious, however, is the potential health problem they bring: there are fears that radiation from the phones may cause brain tumor (肿瘤)。This may be a time bomb waiting to happen to younger people who have grown up with cell phones that they simply can’t live without.
American researchers set up the first commercial cell phone system in 1979.C

A.True

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The modern cell phone is smaller and lighter than the early ones.A

A.True

B.False

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People can use the cell phones to access to the internet.A

A.True

B.False

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Recent statistics show that 50% people have a cell phone now.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Children’s cell phones are expensive than those of their parents.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Cell phones have make it easier for people to contact with each other.A

A.True

B.False

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Parents don’t allow their children to use cell phones.B

A.True

B.False

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Cell phone numbers are difficult for children to remember.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Using cell phone too much is good for people’s brain.B

A.True

B.False

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Younger people depend on the cell phones so much.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Our children and grandchildren may not have a chance to visit many of the most famous places around the world. War, weather, age, traffic and pollution damage these famous places. Looking after these places often costs more than one country can afford. In the early 1970s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to preserve our history. If every country paid some money, they said, it would be possible to look after important historic places. Also, if they discovered that a monument needed urgent help, they would have money for repairs. For these reasons, countries around the world united to form the World Heritage Organization in 1972. Today, the organization helps to maintain and restore the most important places from our history. However, one of the biggest problems for historic places is vandalism. People sometimes enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings. At some sites, such as Stonehenge in England, governments have built high fences to protect the site from vandals. There are many different ideas about how to solve the problem of vandalism. Some experts say that if guards patrolled the sites, vandals would not be able to get in. Some experts say that if they fixed more television cameras, they would not need so many guards. Other experts say that the best solution is education. If people learned to respect history, they would not destroy or damage it. They would also want to spend money looking after old places. For this reason, the World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic sites.
War, weather, age, traffic made children have no chance to visit many famous places .A

A.True

B.False

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Any country can afford to look after many famous places.B

A.True

B.False

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World government joined together to preserve historic places in the 1970s.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Every country should pay money to look after important historic places.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
WHO was formed in 1972 in order to maintain and repair famous places.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
People always vandalize these historic places.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
A lot of ideas can prevent people from vandalizing these historic sites.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
If people are educated to respect history, they would not vandalize it.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
People would like to spend money looking after old places.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
WHO is an organization to spread information about the value of historic sites.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
An unusual teacherA math teacher walks into his classroom holding an apple and a meat cleaver(砍肉刀). His students look interested. He puts on a cook’s hat and an apron, slowly raises the meat cleaver high into the air, and then cuts the apple into two pieces. His students look shocked. Believe it or not, this is the beginning of a lesson on fractions (分数).There are many scenes like this in stand and deliver. This movie is about real-life teacher Jaime Escalante and his students at Garfield high school in East Los Angeles. Actor Edward James Olmos captures Escalante’s passion and drive. The young actors who play students show how a school known for its drugs and gangs (团伙) becomes famous for its big improvements in math。Escalante sets rules for his students but also cares deeply about them. If he sees that a student is not listening, he playfully hits him with a red pillow. He tells students that they must have ganas, a Spanish word meaning “desire”. He reminds them that they are the hope for the future.Escalante also understands each student’s special problems. In one scene, a student named angel comes to see Escalante after class. Angel says that he wants to study at home, but he can’t let the members of his gang see him carrying books. So Escalante gives angel two sets of books---one to keep at home and one to keep in his locker.Some of the most moving scenes in the movie are based on actual events that took place in 1982. Escalante prepares his students to take a test in calculus(微积分), a difficult form of math. Officials are shocked when all 18 students, who come mostly from poor Hispanic families, pass the test. Accused of cheating, many of the students must retake the test. Again, they get high scores. Escalante complains that his students’ scores were challenged only because the students are Hispanic.
Jaime Escalante is a teacher and cook.B

A.True

B.False

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The students in Escalante’s class have no interests in his teaching.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Edward James Olmos won an award for playing the role of Escalante.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Some students at Escalante’s school take drugs.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Escalante will punish the students severely if they break his rules.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Escalante doesn’t know the meaning of the Spanish word ganas.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The student named angel is a member of a gang group.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Angel’s father is a poor worker.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Some of the students in Escalante’s class cheat in the calculus test.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The school officials don’t trust the Hispanic students.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Why we need vacations
There’s more to a vacation than can be described in travel books. We certainly need breaks from work. But there is even more to be said for a get-away break, leaving all daily work behind and living a different life for a short time.
The benefits of taking a vacation start long before the suitcases are packed. A vacation is something to look forward to. It gives us the sense that whatever is happening at the moment will end soon.
Companies sometimes use away-breaks to restore(恢复)motivation and team relationships. If you’re able to switch off and leave your daily work behind, when you come back, you often view old situations with fresh eyes and see them in a new way.
People don’t disappear while on vacation. We’re still thinking and feeling the whole time we’re away. What really makes the difference is not simply getting away from the daily work; it’s being able to do something else instead. We might speak to people we wouldn’t normally meet, try sports we’d not do otherwise, and discover interests we never knew we had.
Vacations also allow us to focus on the present in a way that’s hard to do at home. When you’re in a new environment for a short time, your attention tends to be on what’s happening right now and in the next few days. Being “in the moment” is in itself one of the keys to getting relaxed, and this happens more naturally on vacation.
Every vacation is an adventure full of potential discoveries. Perhaps more than anything else, vacations enable us to raise our eyes from familiar paths so that we can look around and see that there’s a world out there.

People need to explore more about the meaning of a vacation.C

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We begin to feel the benefits of a vacation after we start to pack our suitcases.B

A.True

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People expect that a vacation ahead will put an end to what is happening now.A

A.True

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Companies do not pay their employees when they are on vacation.C

A.True

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A vacation may enables us to look at old things in a new way.A

A.True

B.False

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On vacation, we don’t try new sports.B

A.True

B.False

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We may find out our hidden interests during vacations.A

A.True

B.False

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People on vacation often buy gifts for each other.C

A.True

B.False

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One of the keys to getting relaxed is to focus on the present.A

A.True

B.False

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Adventures are more important than discoveries for a vacation.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Not many years ago, some farmers were worried because hawks were taking many of their chicken. The farmers didn‟t know what to do. Finally they went to the country officials and asked for help. “Kill the hawks,” the officials said, “We will even pay for them,” so the farmers began to think of ways to kill the hawks. The farmers killed many hawks. They no longer had to worry about their chickens. But they now had a new worry. Field mice were eating up a lot of the farmers’grain. How did this happen? Hawks eat not only chickens but also field mice. They eat more field mice than chickens. But the farmers didn‟t know this. When they killed a lot of hawks, they changed the balance. When people move into a new place, they often destroy many wild plants. Often these plants are food for the animals. If the animals can‟t find enough plants to eat, they will starve or have to leave the place. In one part of the USA, for example the deer there like to eat a certain kind of wild roses. The mountain lions there eat the deer. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses doesn‟t change much if people leave things as they are. But people killed many mountain lions in order to protect the deer. Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. Then the deer began to eat the green leaves of young trees. These trees were important to the farmers. So the farmers thought of ways to protect their trees. Now the deer had nothing to eat, and many of them died. This was another lesson from nature. To keep the balance of nature is important for us to remember.
What the famers worried is their chickens were all eaten up by hawks.B

A.True

B.False

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Finally the officials told the farmers to kill the hawks.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
In order to protect their chicken, the farmers killed many hawks.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Field mice eat not only chickens but also the farmers’ grain.B

A

True

B

False

C

Not given
The farmers changed the balance as a result of killing hawks.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
When the animals can’t find enough plants to eat in a place, they will starve or have to leave.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The number of mountain lions in one part of USA is more than other parts of it.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The number of animals changes much if people leave things as they are.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The farmer thought of many ways to prevent deer from eating up wild roses.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
It is important for us to keep the balance of nature.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The stranger who changed my lifeIt was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi, looking for a customer. While passing new York hospital, I found a man running down the hospital steps, waving at me.I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “the airport, please,” he said. As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments, he started saying, “ how do you like driving a taxi?’“It’s ok, ”I said, I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.”“what do you do? ”I asked.“ I am a doctor at new York hospital.”Many times during long rides, I’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help.“Can I ask a favor of you? “ He didn’t answer. “ I have a son, 15, a good kid. He wants a job this summer.is it possible that you get one for him?”He still wasn’t talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. have him send me his school record.”He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. And gradually this incident was forgotten. Two weeks later, when I arrived home from work, Robbie handed me a letter. He was informed to call Dr. Plum for an interview.Robbie got the job. The following summer, Robbie worked at the hospital again, but this time, he was given more responsibility. Then, he worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of medical profession.Near graduating from college, Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York medical college. After getting his medical degree, Robbie, the son of a taxi driver, became a doctor at Columbia Medical Center.
The doctor shouted at the taxi driver for a ride.B

A.True

B.False

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The doctor wanted to go the railway station by taxi.B

A.True

B.False

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The taxi driver liked talking with his customers.A

A.True

B.False

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The taxi driver had two children.C

A.True

B.False

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The taxi driver became Dr.Plum’s friend.B

A.True

B.False

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The doctor wrote a recommendation letter for Robbie.C

A.True

B.False

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Robbie joined in a summer research project.A

A.True

B.False

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Robbie gradually got interested in medicine.A

A.True

B.False

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Robbie finally became a doctor at New York hospital.B

A.True

B.False

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Big opportunities can come out of ordinary meetings.A

A.True

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The history of Hollywood
For many years, Hollywood was the center of the movie-making world. The area has changed a lot over the years, but today young actors who hope to be on TV, or in the movies, still travel to Hollywood to try and start their careers in show business. Many film companies also continue to have their studios and business offices here.
Of course, Hollywood wasn’t always famous for making movies. Native Americans were the first people to live in the area which was originally called Cahuenga—the name of an important Native American leader. In the late 1700s, Spanish explorers arrived and the native people were forced to move to other areas of what is now the city of Los Angeles, Cahuenga was divided into east and west, and the Spanish called the west side Rancho La Brea. Here the new settlers grew crops such as bananas, pineapples and oranges on land good for farming.
In 1886, a man named H. H. Wilcox bought a part of Rancho La Brea, which his wife renamed Hollywood. Wilcox believed that California’s warm weather could attract people to the area, and he was right. Soon, Wilcox was building luxury homes for many wealthy Americans from the middle and northern parts of the United States.
In 1911, the first film studio opened in Hollywood on the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Gower Street. Soon after, movie director Cecil B. DeMille made the first feature-length film, the squaw man. Over the next ten years, many more movies were made in Hollywood. During the 1920s and 1930s, as the film industry grew, business replaced farms. Glamorous nightclubs and expensive homes were built for the growing population that worked in the movie industry.
By the 1950s, many movie stars were leaving the area and moving to nearby places like Beverly Hills. When they left, so did many of the upscale shops and restaurants.
Today, Hollywood is still famous, thousands of tourists visit the area every year to see sites such as Mann’s Chinese theater and the avenue of the stars. Very few see celebrities, though. Unlike in the early days, the only stars you are likely to see today are under your feet.

The place of Hollywood hasn’t changed much till now.B

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B.False

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Very few film companies have their offices in Hollywood today.B

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B.False

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Cahuenga was a famous Spanish explorer.B

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B.False

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The Native Americans lived in Hollywood before the 1700s.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Hollywood was an area of rich land for farming.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Wilcox’s wife suggested him to buy the area of Hollywood.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The warm weather of Hollywood attracted many people from other parts.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Movie director Cecil B. DeMille was famous during the 1920s and 1930s.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Many nightclubs and expensive homes were built in the 1950s.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
It is still very common to see movie stars in Hollywood today.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Table manners
People who go to a formal western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by the table manners in western culture. Knowing them will help you make a good impression. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table. Beside your napkin(餐巾)， you will find a small bread roll and three glasses----one for white wine, one for red wine, and one for water. There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table, forks on the left and knives on the right of the plate. When you see two spoons(汤匙)，the big one is for the soup and the small one for the dessert. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than ones beside them. When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap(膝盖)。
Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called starters. Some people pray before they start eating, and other people may keep silent for a moment. After the starter you will get a bowl of soup—but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving. The next dish is the main course (主菜). Many westerners think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird. Some people can use their fingers when they are eating chicken or other birds, but never touch beef or other meat on bones. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don’t take more food than you need. At table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but do not laugh all the time.
Most westerners like soft drinks if they will drive home. Many of them drink white or red wine with the food. When drinking to someone’s health, you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch. The custom of toasting in some parts of China is to finish the drink at once, but westerners usually take only a sip. For drinking during a dinner, the best advice is never to drink too much.
Table manners change over time. They follow the fashion of the day. Besides, table manners are only important at formal dinner parties. If you’re not sure what to do, you can always follow your hosts. Although good manners always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.

The table manners in western dinner parties are the same as those in China.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The people in western dinner parties usually use the knives and forks.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
People in western dinner parties use the same glass for different drinks.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
You should put the napkin around your neck when you sit down.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The napkin in western dinner parties has different colors and sizes.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
People can use fingers to eat any meat on bones in western dinner parties.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
You shouldn’t take more food than you can eat.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
It is better for people to finish the drink at once.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
People are only allowed to drink two glasses of wine at the dinner.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
If you are not clear about the table manners, you can follow your hosts.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
How to Be a Successful Businessperson
Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants. Zubair kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane. At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr.Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a company that rented cars. While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (租赁的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it," Mr.Kazi says, “but I always did the best I could.”. One day, Mr.Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr.Kazi did the workof all three people in the kitchen.This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi.He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit. A few years later, Mr.Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr.Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr.Kazi worked in the restaurant from8 a.m.to 10 p.m
seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building,and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs.Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit. A year later, Mr.Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit.With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too. Today Mr.Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up."

1.Mr.Kazi dreamed to own a restaurant when he was young.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
2.Mr.Kazi was born in a small town in America.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
3.Mr.Kazi decided to work with KFC to save money on food.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
4.Mr.Kazi worked very hard in KFC restaurant.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
5.Mr.Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant because of his hard-working.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
6.Mr.Kazi borrowed money from a bank with a very low interest.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
7.Mrs.Kazi gave customers a free soda if they waited for more than 20 minutes.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
8.Mr.Kazi advertised for those failing restaurants.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
9.Mr.Kazi is planning to own fewer restaurants than 168.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
10.Mr.Kazi likes to buy those messy restaurants.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given

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自考计算机科学与技术 - 英语(二) - 00015 - 笔记203 - 302

Companies sometimes use away-breaks to restore(恢复)motivation and team relationships. If you’re able to switch off and leave your daily work behind, when you come back, you often view old situations with fresh eyes and see them in a new way.
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