自考计算机科学与技术 - 英语(二) - 00015 - 笔记101 - 202

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War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed.战争可能是人类生物本能和侵略驱动力的自然表现。愤怒、敌意和守卫地盘的天性是通过暴力行为表现出来的。这些都是人类与动物所共有的品质。攻击是一种与生俱来的生存机制，是一种自我保护的本能，它使动物能够保护自己免受生存威胁。但另一方面，人类的暴力行为却显示出是一种学习行为。就人类的攻击行为而言，暴力不能简单地归结为一种本能。人类暴力的多种表现形式总是受到社会习俗的制约，而社会习俗又赋予了攻击行为以形态。在人类社会中，暴力具有社会功能：它是建立或破坏社会秩序的一种策略。宗教传统在引导暴力力量方面发挥了主导作用。我们将探讨引导人类暴力的仪式和伦理（道德上的）模式。
Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that ______.B

A.it threatens the existing social systems人类暴力是一种后天习得的行为，因为它威胁到现有的社会体系

B.it is influenced by society人类的暴力行为是一种学习行为，因为它受到社会的影响

C.it has roots in religious conflicts人类暴力是一种后天习得的行为，其根源在于宗教冲突

D.it is directed against institutions of law人类暴力是一种习得性行为，因为它针对的是法律机构
The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment.
The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is ______.A

A.to control violence within a society法律制度的功能是在社会中控制暴力

B.to protect the world from chaos法律制度的功能是保护世界免遭混乱

C.to free society from the idea of revenge法律制度的功能是使社会摆脱复仇的观念

D.to give the government absolute power法律制度的功能是赋予政府绝对的权力
Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 counties are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile(爬行类的) species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.在英国，加强对野生动物保护的要求有时会掩盖这样一个事实，即欧洲其他国家也有类似的需求。有 21 个国家加入的欧洲委员会的研究表明，45% 的爬行类动物和 24% 的蝴蝶面临灭绝的危险。
欧洲委员会最近的研究表明，欧洲有许多爬行类动物和蝴蝶需要保护。
Recent studies by the council of Europe have indicated that ______.D

A.wildlife needs more protection only in Britain.只有英国的野生动物需要更多的保护。

B.all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out.欧洲所有野生动物物种都面临灭绝的危险。

C.there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere.欧洲的爬行动物和蝴蝶种类比其他地方少

D.many species of reptiles an butterflies in Europe need protecting.欧洲有许多爬行类动物和蝴蝶需要保护
Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its Value therefore, was as a predictor of children’s future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.
It was once believed __________, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence.C

A.born to be more intelligent or less intelligent

B.taught to be more intelligent

C.that intelligence was something a baby was born with

D.and because of the lack of communication with his classmates
Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.
Book written by J. Verne are __________.C

A.science fictions with a recurrent theme

B.concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the future

C.read worldwide

D.political implications
Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always spent 15 minutes reading something before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. made no difference.
You are advised to read something before you __________.D

A.find the topic sentences

B.find out the new words

C.keep reading fast

D.go to bed every day
Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say "Hi" when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person’s behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving that differs from country to country.
The topic sentence of this paragraph is__________.C

A.Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks.

B.Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not.

C.The way of behaving that differs from country to country.

D.In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not
The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world’s largest telescope (望远镜) and is taking astronomers (天文学家) further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. Located 2,600 metres up in the Chilean Andes, it has four huge mirrors, each about the size of a London bus. The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10,000 kilometres away.
The main idea of this paragraph is __________.A

A.Biggest telescope

B.Power of the telescope

C.Fuctions of VLT

D.Birth of the new telescope
Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.
The main idea of this paragraph is__________.B

A.Ounces of Water Needed Per Day

B.Importance of Water

C.Water in Our Body

D.The Function of Water
It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
The main idea of this paragraph is__________.B

A.Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in Literature

B.Origins of Science Fiction

C.The Theme of Science Fiction

D.Science Fiction Has a Short History
Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.
The main idea of this paragraph is__________.B

A.The Nature of Heavy Metals

B.Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils

C.Heavy Metals and Food Chain

D.Research on Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain
The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic (灾难性的) event that mankind has ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the world’s people at that time, from 61 countries, and claimed 55 million lives.
The main idea of this paragraph is__________.B

A.Gloomy World

B.World’s Worst Disaster

C.The Origin of The Second World War

D.The Time of The Second World War
One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse.
Q: When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Technology is a beauty. We eagerly adopt its pleasure, preferring to cope with the drawbacks on the morning after.
Q: Technology is like an art, which everybody including scientists loves.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.
Q: The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.
Q: Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Back in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently predicted: “In the next 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think.” Today, not too far off Nixon’s deadline, America is looking at that possibility. Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency.
Q: Up to the present, no woman has been elected president in the US.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Fermi's genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age.
Q: Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Finally, though a child’s "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
Q: So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher’s close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.
Q: Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.
Q: Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him.
Q: The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds.
Q: During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not too distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide.
Q: The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States—one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.
Q: At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Every year, in November, Thanksgiving Day reminds us of the good things in life, and people are thankful. On this day people usually eat turkey and great quantities of other foods.
Q: The turkey is a most popular food on Thanksgiving Day.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken.
Q: People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters into the sky.
Q: Pilots flying at the height of more than 2,100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. You will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly. Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.
Q: Due to the effect of alcohol, your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew where the garden was.
Q: Hercules was given many difficult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Whether you work at home，on the farm，at the office，at school，or on the road，it is not a good idea to skip (故意略去) breakfast.
Q: It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
You think that the biggest threat to your health when taking a shower comes from slipping on a bar of soap? Well, guess again.
Q: This paragraph is a question to which the author hopes to have a positive answer from the reader.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Farms appear in cities when you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.

It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.

Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings—called vertical farming (垂直农业)—can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bed weather. Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy. But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.

That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.

The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Scientists at the South Pole research station live a hard life.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Farms appear in cities
When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.

It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.

Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings—called vertical farming (垂直农业)----can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bed weather.Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.

That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.

Vertical farming does not need as much land as traditional farming.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Crops grown indoors would not be badly harmed by insects.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Scientists do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Some experts say vertical farming could be difficult.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Indoor plants need the same weather and lightning.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
A good lesson
After living in Europe for seven years, my parents decided that my family would move to the United States. We all looked forward to this. What would people think of us? For me, I hoped to be the hero of the class.

I was not disappointed. All my classmates admired my experience, and I quickly became well known as “the French guy”. I was very popular for a time. However, I was not interested in many things my classmates did, and it was hard for me to connect with them. I enjoyed listening to classical music, never watch TV, and almost never watched movies.

I didn’t have a common background with my friends because I grew up in Europe. I had few friends, and fewer good friends. When I look back now, I realize I was a bit of an idiot to many people around me. I kept talking proudly about my experience. And I thought myself better than those around me because I lived in Europe but they didn’t.

I had decided I wanted better friends when my parents said that we were going to move again! I saw this as a perfect chance to get better friends, where people did not know of my unkind past.

When we moved to California, I didn’t show off as I had done for five years. I didn’t tell everyone that I lived in Europe. I still listened to classical music, but I just kept my music to myself. Sure enough, I found that people like someone who is not typical but does not boast about it.

Nothing can replace good friends, and if I had to control my temper and pride, it was well worth it.

When I first moved to the US, I was very popular because of my _________.D

A.good appearance

B.outstanding talents

C.French accent

D.overseas experiences
I had few good friends partly because I _______.A

A.looked down upon my classmates

B.liked listening to classical music

C.never went to the movies

D.came from a very rich family
The phrase “an idiot” (line 2, para.3) most probably was _______.C

A.an actor

B.a cheater

C.a fool

D.a loser
When we moved to California, I stopped ________.A

A.boasting about my experience

B.talking about people around me

C.enjoying the classical music alone

D.making friends with my classmates
The writer would probably agree that ________.B

A.good friends like the same kind of music

B.friends are more important than anything else

C.similar background is the key to friendship

D.a good friend never loses his/her temper
Cosmetic Surgery
Surgery that can improve the way a person looks is becoming more and more popular in the United States. This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, and both men and women are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive （有竞争力的） in their jobs. Men especially are beginning to turn to face-lifts （面部拉皮手术）, liposuction （taking fat out of the body）, and implants （putting artificial, parts into their bodies） to help them look younger. As companies downsize （缩编） and move younger employees into higher positions, older employees in their late forties and early fifties feel the need to look and act younger in order to stay competitive. These operations are not without dangers, however.

One young woman had an eye operation to get rid of the bags under her eyes. She described her experience as terrible. She said, "When he started cutting, I was fully awake. Even though he'd given me an injection near my eyes, I saw everything." She went on to explain, "1 knew I had to keep still because of what he was doing. He was scraping （刮） away fat underneath my eyes. It took about ten minutes. After he finished, I felt I couldn't walk. I was so faint." Her troubles did not end after the operation for two weeks. Her eyes were swollen （肿胀的） and almost completely closed, and even dark glasses could not hide the side effects of the operation.

Liposuction, taking fat out of the body, is probably the most popular cosmetic operation in the United States. It seems simple enough. First, a small cut is made over the place where the patient wants the fat removed. Next, a small pipe is put into the cut. A machine like a vacuum cleaner is then used to suck the fat out of the body. However, as one doctor explained, some problems can happen after the operation. He warned; "Irregular lumps and loose skin can result from this operation. If it is not evenly done, liposuction can produce a very lumpy result." Patients often must have more liposuction to correct the problem.

Cosmetic surgery is more popular in the US than anywhere else.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Only women are interested in this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
There are hardly any risks involved in cosmetic operations.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The young woman was by no means satisfied with the eye operation.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The eye operation was such a failure that the woman refused to pay for it.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Liposuction is probably the most popular cosmetic operation all over the world.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Not everyone is a good candidate for liposuction.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Liposuction may lead to irregular lumps, loose skin and other problems.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Why So Many Children?

In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Women in these countries have a high birth rate from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman. The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care for their families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit the size of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. There are several reasons for this.

One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After the World War II, Italy’s economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman, the world's lowest.

However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth.

Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.

Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.

In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family _____.A

A.can be an advantage.

B.may limit income.

C.isn't necessary.

D.is expensive.
When countries become industrialized, _________.B

A.families often become larger.

B.the birth rate generally goes down.

C.women usually decide not have a family.

D.the population generally grows rapidly.
According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______.C

A.agricultural country with a high birth rate.

B.agricultural country with a low birth rate.

C.industrialized country with a low birth rate.

D.industrialized country with a high birth rate.
Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that ______.B

A.the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy.

B.factors other than the economy influence birth rate.

C.women who have a high income usually have few children.

D.the birth rate depends on per capita income.
In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______.D

A.is not concerned about the status of women.

B.has tried to industrialize the country rapidly.

C.does not allow women to work outside the home.

D.has tried to improve the condition of women.
Henry Ford
Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车), but Henry Ford didn’t start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world’s first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car’s parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people’s ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.
In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford’s most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.
The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford’s. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began. The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States.
Within weeks of the race, henry ford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of henry ford’s dream. Ford said, “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce.

Henry Ford built the world’s first automobile.B

A.True

B.False

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Henry Ford invented the production line method.B

A.True

B.False

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Henry Ford joined the car race to make his car known by public.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Henry Ford raced his car himself only once all his life.A

A.True

B.False

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The ford was much safer than the Winton.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Many people thought ford would win the race.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Millions of people were excited about the race.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Ford led the race from the very beginning of the race.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Henry Ford formed a new automobile company in 1901.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
henry ford produced cars of the lowest price in the world.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The British SummerBritain is well known for its rainy climate. People joke that even in the summer time the country never gets any sun and that the skies stay disappointingly grey even during the months of July and August.Last summer though, it was so hot that people could hardly believe it. British people weren’t used to such high temperature, so every day on the news there were stories about people struggling to work in such unusual weather conditions. Radio and television programmes also reminded everyone to drink more water and not to stay too long in the sun.When the sun comes out, British people tend to spend time in their garden if they have one. It’s common to invite friends and neighbours around for a barbecue, where everyone sits outside and eats food like grilled meat(烤肉) and salads. There’s always a back-up plan in case of rain though, and the meal sometimes has to be cooled in the kitchen and eaten indoors.People indoors spend a lot of time in parks during the summer, having picnics or playing sports. In every green area, there’s always at least one ice cream van, a kind of car that plays children’s music and sells ice cream.Towns like Blackpool and Brighton are popular for their beaches and amusement arcades （游乐场）. People go there to swim, sunbath and eat fish and chips. The water can be quite cold, though, and that’s why quite a lot of people prefer to go abroad for their summer holiday instead. Popular destinations include Spain, Germany and France: all countries that promises a lot of sunshine!
There is little sunshine in Britain in summer.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
British people like to tell jokes about each other.C

A.True

B.False

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It was unusually hot last summer in Britain.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
British people enjoyed the high temperature of last summer.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
The media advised people to enjoy the sunshine.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Most British people have a garden of their own.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
People having a barbecue often have a plan against the rain.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Children like the music from the ice cream vans.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Blackpool and Brighton are known for their beaches.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
People go to Spain in summer to enjoy the cooler sea water.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
American High School
Have you ever wondered what an American high school is really like? This article will describe a typical high school and it students.
A typical American high school has several large buildings and enough space for about 1,500 students. Every student is given a locker. When students first arrive at school, they go straight to their lockers to put away or get their textbooks and to hang up their outdoor clothes. As American textbooks are expensive, students would rather loan than buy them. Students must pay back if they lose any of them.
American students have different types of school transport. They usually take a yellow school bus or walk to school if they live close enough. Sometimes their parents drive them to school. When they turn 16 years of age, most take a free driving class at school for one term. If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state’s driver’s exam, they can begin driving themselves to school.
Each day, students take six or seven classes. They must take science, math, English and social studies. They can choose art, homemaking, fashion design and other classes. In some schools, students are required to take one or more of the following special classes: health education, physical education or foreign language studies. Students move to different classrooms for each subject. This is because each teacher has their own classroom. There is a five-minute break between classes, to give the students the time to hurry to their next class.
The regular school day usually ends early in the afternoon. After school, more than a half of the students are involved in after-school activities. These activities include sports – especially football, basketball and soccer or clubs, such as yearbook, speech, school newspaper, photograph or student government.

A typical American high school has only one large building but with enough space.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Students can put away or get their textbooks in their lockers.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
All students buy their textbooks by themselves at the start of a new term.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Students like taking the school bus to go to school.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Students are not allowed to drive to school before 18 years old.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Students take seven classes at most every day.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Students go to different classrooms to take different subjects.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Each teacher has their own office in the school.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The class break between two classes in 10 minutes long.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Many students go to take part in after-school activities after school.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
My Writing Teacher English writing was always easy for me, bu that changed on the first day I walked into Mrs. Johnson's class. Before that, I'd heard rumors from former students. They said she was strict and her class was hard to pass. So I was very nervous. The first time we met, Mrs. Johnson told us her class would be difficult, but she would give us new “tools" and guide us through. She explained that her grading system was different, and that we would not see high scores soon“Everything you do in class matters," she said.“As writing is an art, it takes a long time to perfect.” Mrs. Johnson scared me. I was afraid of what she would say if I asked a question. So in class I kept silent most of the time and couldn't follow her. When I got my first essay back, my grade was terrible. I was annoyed with Mrs. Johnson. I disliked going to her class. Then I realized I needed to find out what I could do to improve my grade and how to use the “tool” in my writing. As I still didn’t dare to talk to Mrs. Johnson in person, I e-mailed her. In this way, she and I worked together to improve my writing. By and by, I could talk to her both online and in person. She walked me through every step to understand how to write an essay. Together we saw improvement in my work.
From this I discovered that asking for help could actually work. Behind everything Mrs. Johnson was saying, she actually cared about me and where I would be in the future. She knocked me down so that I could climb back stronger.
I was worried when I was in Mrs. Johnson’s first class.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Mrs. Johnson used the same grading system as other teachers.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Mrs. Johnson regards writing as an art.A

A.True.

B.False

C.Not given
My Writing Teacher
English writing was always easy for me, bu that changed on the first day I walked into Mrs. Johnson's class. Before that, I'd heard rumors from former students. They said she was strict and her class was hard to pass. So I was very nervous. The first time we met, Mrs. Johnson told us her class would be difficult, but she would give us new “tools" and guide us through. She explained that her grading system was different, and that we would not see high scores soon“Everything you do in class matters," she said.“As writing is an art, it takes a long time to perfect.” Mrs. Johnson scared me. I was afraid of what she would say if I asked a question. So in class I kept silent most of the time and couldn't follow her. When I got my first essay back, my grade was terrible. I was annoyed with Mrs. Johnson. I disliked going to her class. Then I realized I needed to find out what I could do to improve my grade and how to use the “tool” in my writing. As I still didn’t dare to talk to Mrs. Johnson in person, I e-mailed her. In this way, she and I worked together to improve my writing. By and by, I could talk to her both online and in person. She walked me through every step to understand how to write an essay. Together we saw improvement in my work.

From this I discovered that asking for help could actually work. Behind everything Mrs. Johnson was saying, she actually cared about me and where I would be in the future. She knocked me down so that I could climb back stronger.
I was active in class in the beginning.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Most students enjoyed Mrs. Johnson’s class.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
My Writing Teacher
English writing was always easy for me, bu that changed on the first day I walked into Mrs. Johnson's class. Before that, I'd heard rumors from former students. They said she was strict and her class was hard to pass. So I was very nervous. The first time we met, Mrs. Johnson told us her class would be difficult, but she would give us new “tools" and guide us through. She explained that her grading system was different, and that we would not see high scores soon“Everything you do in class matters," she said.“As writing is an art, it takes a long time to perfect.” Mrs. Johnson scared me. I was afraid of what she would say if I asked a question. So in class I kept silent most of the time and couldn't follow her. When I got my first essay back, my grade was terrible. I was annoyed with Mrs. Johnson. I disliked going to her class. Then I realized I needed to find out what I could do to improve my grade and how to use the “tool” in my writing. As I still didn’t dare to talk to Mrs. Johnson in person, I e-mailed her. In this way, she and I worked together to improve my writing. By and by, I could talk to her both online and in person. She walked me through every step to understand how to write an essay. Together we saw improvement in my work.
From this I discovered that asking for help could actually work. Behind everything Mrs. Johnson was saying, she actually cared about me and where I would be in the future. She knocked me down so that I could climb back stronger.
I got a high score for my first essay.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given.
Mrs. Johnson preferred to email students.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Mrs. Johnson let me improve my writing by myself.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
I finally became a top student in the writing class.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Mrs. Johnson cared about my future.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given