自考计算机科学与技术 - 英语(二) - 00015 - 笔记303 - 402

Muzzzzzz

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VitaminsFood contains only small quantities of vitamins, but they are vital for good health. For example, if you eat a diet of meat, bread, sugar and fat, you may become ill with a disease called scurvy (坏血病). This is caused by a deficiency （缺乏） in vitamin C, which is found in fruit and vegetables.About fifty different vitamins have been identified, and a deficiency in many of these can lead to illness. Vitamin A is most important for good eyesight, but is also important for general good health. Liver contains a considerable amount of vitamin A, but vitamin A is also found in fish, meat, milk, butter, some fruits and vegetables,Vitamin B in fact consists of twelve different chemicals, which are found in eggs, cheese, butter, wholemeal flour and vegetables. If a person has not enough vitamin B in his diet, this may affect his whole body, particularly the skin, the nervous system and the heart.Vitamin C prevents scurvy and helps to heal injuries. Some doctors believe that large quantities of vitamin C help people to avoid colds. Fruits and uncooked vegetables are rich in Vitamin C, but when they are overcooked, or left for a long time, they lose most of their vitamins.Vitamin D is essential for the growth of bones and teeth and is found in fish, liver, oil and milk. Vitamin D is the only vitamin which the body can make for itself, but it can only do this if there is sufficient sunlight. A lack of both sunlight and vitamin D can result in a disease called rickets (佝偻病) ， which causes bones to soften and to be deformed.Vitamins are only needed in very small quantities. A quantity sufficient for a whole life would weigh only a quarter of a kilogram. Vitamins can be manufactured and are sold as additions to our food, but a well-balanced diet will provide an adequate amount of vitamins.
A diet of meat, bread, sugar and fat with less Vitamin C is unhealthy.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Scientists have discovered nearly fifty different vitamins.A

A.True

B.False

C..Not Given
Scientists have been studying vitamins for almost a hundred years.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Lack of Vitamin A affects the eye but not the whole body.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Both Vitamin A and Vitamin B can be found in butter.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Lack of Vitamin B can cause heart problem.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Vitamin C is used by doctors to heal the diseases of nervous system.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
The body can make Vitamin D for itself if there is enough sunlight.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Women usually need more Vitamin D than men.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
For a whole life, our body needs a large amount of vitamins.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Private Car in America
The private automobile(私家车)has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems.
For farm families, the automobile is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools. Family life has been affected(影响)in different ways. The car helps to keep families together when it is used for picnics outings, and other shared experiences. However, when teenage children have the use of the car, their parents can’t keep an eye on them. There is a great danger if the driver has been drinking alcohol or taking drugs, or showing off by speeding or breaking down traffic laws. Mothers of victims(受害者)of such accidents have formed an organization called MADD(Mothers Against Drunk Driving). These women want to prevent further tragedies(悲剧). They have worked to encourage the government to limit the youngest drinking age. Students have formed a similar organization SADD (Students Against Drunk Driving) and are spreading the same message among their friends.
For many Americans, the automobile is a necessity. But for some, it is also a mark of social position and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to American, even though they cause a lot of environmental problems to people.

People in the United States start to have their private automobile recently.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
In 1986, thirty-eight percent of American families owned one car.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
For farm families, the cows and horses are more important for them.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The automobile makes parents easier to send their children to far-away schools.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The driver who drank alcohol should not drive his car.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Speeding or breaking traffic laws is of no danger.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The organization of MADD is supported by those fathers.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Students also set up an organization to prevent traffic accident.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The automobile is only the mark of social position for many Americans.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Driving the automobile is bad for the environment.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The truth about left-handed people

About 90% of people in the world today are right-handed. The other 10% are left-handed, including Obama, the president of the US. Every day, left-handed folks quietly face problems. It could be something as simple as driving a car or using a can opener.

Why are so few of us left-handed? One theory is that handedness (hand preference) could be a result of genetics. Scientists say that there are two genes(基因) associated with handedness. One is the D gene. It is more frequent in the population and promotes（促成）right-handed preference. The other is the C gene. It has the ability to promote a preference for either hand. When the C gene is present, there is a 50% chance that a person could be right-or left-handed.

Another theory has to do with human brains, which are made up of two halves. If the left hand is more powerful, then one is most likely right-handed. But with left handers, it is more complicated. Seventy percent of them are also left-brain dominant（占优势的）. The other 30% have right-side dominant brains.

During the 18thand 19th centuries, left-handedness was considered a disability. But not all of the myths about left-handers are bad. One myth suggests that they are more creative and smarter than the right-handers. So far scientific research has yet to find any truth to these claims. In fact, a 2013 survey out of New Zealand found that left-handers and right-handers were the same.

Life might be a little more complicated for left-handers when it comes to cutting a piece of paper or opening a bottle of wine. However, it seems to be a good sign if you are trying to make it to the white house.

The right-handers are nine times as many as the left-handers.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Using a can opener could be a problem for left-handers.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Men are more like to be left-handed than women.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Some scientists believe that handedness is decided by genes.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Most left-handers are right-brain dominant.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Right-handers live longer than left-handers.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Left-handers are proved to be clever.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The New Zealand survey found left-handers differ greatly from right-handers.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
There are not enough specially-designed tools for left-handers.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
In the 19th century, left-handedness was no longer considered abnormal.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
A twentieth-century womanMarya Skodowska was born on November 7, 1867, in Poland. Marya’s father wanted his five children to go to college, but the family was poor. In fact, Marya worked for six years to make money so her elder sister Bronya could study medicine in Paris. When Bronya finished medical school in 1891, 23-year-old Marya went to Paris to begin her own study.In July 1893, Marie passed her physics exam first in her class. At this time, she met Pierre curie, a young scientist. Marie and Pierre found that they had much in common. They both believed that science was the most important part of their lives. They didn’t care about money or about being comfortable. They fell in love, and were married on July 26, 1895. Marie and Pierre were very happy. They discussed their work as well as the most recent scientific events, such as the discovery of X rays. Marie was interested in this research and began to look for unknown elements that had such rays. Pierre stopped his own research in order to help Marie in her work. He realized that she was about to make an important discovery.In 1898, they discovered two new elements that gave off X rays. In those days, no one knew that such materials were dangerous. They did not know that working with these materials caused their illness, and they kept working. Finally, in 1902, they proved that radium (镭) is real.On June 25, 1903, Madame became the first woman to receive a doctor of science degree from the Sorbonne. Then she received an even greater award. In 1903, Marie and Pierre and Henri were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics.
Marya went to Paris to begin her own study when she finished medical school.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Marya changed her name to French form, Marie , in Paris.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Marya had quarreled with her sister before moving out of her sister’s home.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Marya was happy even if she lived in hard living conditions.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Marie and Pierre fell in love because they had different ideas about science and life.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
6 Pierre didn’t want to stop his own research to help Marie.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
7 Pierre’s parents didn’t agree with his marriage with Marie.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
8 Marie alone found two elements that gave off X rays in 1898.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
9 Marie and Pierre did not know the danger of those materials giving off X rays.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
10 Marie and Pierre won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Life on the FarmLife on the farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up.Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before.In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require,Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed, cows to milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of work and sacrifice.The main change in modern farm is in the way farmers are run. It is common for even small farmers to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever.
Factory farms now produce most of the products.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Small family farms find it hard to survive.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Plowing and sowing by machines are advances in modern farming.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Modern farm products cost more than those from traditional farming.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Most farmers cannot afford new machines.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Modern farmers do not have to work hard.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
New technologies have not changed farm management.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
There are fewer and fewer family-run farms now.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Modern farms are hiring workers from cities.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given
Running: Sport or Way of Life?You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy, It requires discipline and concentration.Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles? It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly.How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help some in your find area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies.Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it.Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent. If you're looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you
You may find it interesting in go for A run.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The sport of running is easy.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not give
It is hard to End a safe environment for running.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Running in good in people' S body and mind.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
A long-distance run is good in many ways.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
You can find running programs online.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Running programs set goals for you.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
You should go for a run ever day.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Runners respect one another as they love the sport.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Running means more than a sport.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Red Nose DayRed Nose Day (RND) is a well-known event in the UK. The aim of the day is to raise money for Comic Relief. This is a charity that helps people in need in Africa and in the UK. Comic Relief was started in 1985 by Richard Curtis. He wrote the famous films "Four Weddings and a Funeral" and "Notting Hill". Richard started Comic Relief in response to the severe famine in Ethiopia. It's called Red Nose Day as on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear! The money made from selling red noses goes to the charity.Red Nose Day takes place every two years in the spring. It is now so well established that many people consider it to be an unofficial national holiday. The slogan for the last RND was "Do Something Funny for Money." The money that was collected was used to help fund projects in such areas as education and mental health. Money-raising events take place on this day all over the country and many schools participate. People also donate money by post, in banks, by phone using a credit card and online.In the evening of Red Nose Day a telethon takes place on the BBC TV channels. This is like a television marathon(马拉松)that shows some of the events of the day and reports how the money raised will be spent. People also upload videos of local charity events onto the Internet. So, if you are ever in the UK on Red Nose Day, you will know why you find normal people wearing red noses and doing silly things! It's all for a good cause!
Red Nose Day is a famous event in Britain.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Comic Relief aims to help people all over the world.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Richard Curtis is a well-known actor and film director.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Many people wear a red nose on Red Nose Day.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Red Nose Day takes place every year.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Red Nose Day has become an official national holiday.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The funnier people look, the more money they collect.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The funnier people look, the more money they collect.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Many schools take part in the money-raising events on Red Nose Day.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The Red Nose Day telethon has attracted lots of film stars.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The thinking habit that changed my lifeI remember one evening three years ago, when my life was very different. I was overweight. I was deeply in debt. I was a smoker. I felt hopeless and helpless. I couldn’t change anything.Then I looked up at the sky and thought what a miracle life is. And I resolved to list the good things in my life. I had a wonder wife. I had five amazing children. I could see and appreciate the beauty of the world around me. The list went on, but you get the idea. Even when things seemed terrible for me, actually I was OK.That night I resolved to be grateful for what I had, and for people in my life. I started the habit of gratitude. Now many people consider it unimportant. I’m here to tell you it’s very important. It changes lives.Now I appreciate my wife Eva more. I feel good about having her in my life. And we have deepened our relationship. I also appreciate my kids more. Instead of criticizing them. I tend to notice their loveliness, curiosity and humor. I’m kinder to others around me, at work and everywhere else, because instead of seeing the faults in everyone, I see the good, and am grateful for them. I need less, because instead of thinking about what I don’t have, I am grateful for what I do have. Each and every moment becomes easier.Without the habit of gratitude, we tend to complain and see the bad in people and things, we can’t change that at once, but you can do something. For example, you can start with a small action. Really feel the happiness that something or someone is in your life, or take a moment to make a list of the things in your life that you’re thankful for.
1 I was unhappy with my life three years ago.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
2 I drank every day and couldn’t stop it.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
3 I was unable to support my family.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
4 One evening I came to a new understanding of my life.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
5 Many people value the habit of gratitude nowadays.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
6 Now I have a closer relationship with my wife.A

A

True

B

False

C

Not given
I am now more strict with my kidsB

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
I like making friends with people around meC

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
I now try to see the good in othersA

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
A small action doesn’t work to change one’s bad habit.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Run across the Sahara Desert The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It goes across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it's sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara. In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult.They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920 km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try.The three men liked to test themselves, and this would bea very big test. On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara.Every morning they began running at 5:00.At 11a.m.they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9 p.m.in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran andran. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water. The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot(14O"F/60"C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower
It's always hot in the Sahara Desert.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The Sahara Desert is rich in water.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Kevin, Ray, and Charlie decided to run across the Sahara Desert in 2006.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
The three men are very short but strongC

A.True

B.False

C..Not given
They ran for 10 hours every day.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
They usually stopped running before 9 p.m.in the evening.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
They sometimes felt sick because it was so cold.B

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
They liked to play cards during the rest time.C

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Unluckily, they once got lost in the desert.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
They finished their trip across the desert successfully.A

A.True

B.False

C.Not given
Christmas GiftMary didn’t know what to send to her grandparents for Christmas. It was always hard to choose a good Christmas present for them. They didn’t need much, and it was hard for her to be creative every year.One year, she sent them a big wooden elephant. It sat on the corner for a year, but then it disappeared, probably into a closet somewhere. Another year, she made handmade soaps with nice smells, but they probably weren’t any better than store-bought soaps. Last year, she sent lots of nice pictures of herself in frames, but grandparents’ house was small, and they couldn’t hang up very many.This year, she decided on fruit. She lived where it was warm and there was lots of nice fruit. Her grandparents lived up north, where it was colder and they couldn’t get fresh fruit all year, or at least not oranges and grapefruit. The white ones were sour. The star grapefruit were interesting, but the dark red grapefruit were great. So she got a kilogram.Mary carefully packed the fruit in a box to keep them safe and dry in case one got smashed and its juice got everywhere. Then she wrote the address on the box and mailed it from the store. She felt happy with what she bought.A few days later, Mary got a phone call from her grandparents, thanking her for the lovely fruit. They said it was a healthy, tasty, and thoughtful gift. Mary had never felt so good before.
Mary was troubled because she____.A

A.had no idea for a holiday gift

B.was not creative in her work

C.could not afford Christmas gifts

D.found her grandparents hard to please
What did Mary send her grandparents last year?C

A.wooden elephant.

B.Handsome soaps.

C.Her own pictures.

D.A store-bought closet
In selecting the gifts, Mary was____.D

A.excited

B.impatient

C.exhausted

D.thoughtful
Which of the following did Mary buy for her grandparents this year?B

A.Yellow oranges.

B.Dark red grapefruit.

C.White grapefruit.

D.Star grapefruit.
Mary’s grandparents____.A

A.loved her gift

B.sent her a card

C.wrote her a letter

D.put her gift away
A Successful Businessperson
Zubair kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot. At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr.Kazi moved to the United States.He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a company that rented(租赁)cars.
While Mr.Kazi was working at the car rental company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cook’s assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook.
One day, Mr.Kazi’s two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr.Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. His hard-working impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr.Kazi. he worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit(利润).
A few years later, Mr.Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr.Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, painted the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.

When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to ___________.B

A.sell shoes

B.be an airplane pilot

C.manage a restaurant

D.become a businessman
Mr.Kazi decided to work with KFC to __________.B

A.learn how to cook

B.save money on food

C.save money for a car

D.learn how to run a restaurant
The owners gave the job of manager to Mr.Kazi because__________.C

A.his co-workers praised him

B.he was a good cook

C.he worked very hard

D.he knew how to run a restaurant
To save a failig restaurant, Mr.Kazi did all the following things EXCEPT to ___________.D

A.clean it up

B.improve the food

C.borrow money from the bank

D.advertize for it
If customers wait more than 10 minutes for their food. Mrs.Kazi will please them _______.B

A.by giving them chairs to rest

B.by giving them free drinks

C.by giving them a discount（折扣）

D.by giving them more food