SDLC 软件开发生命周期及模型

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分类专栏： IT领域的管理学文章标签： SDLC 软件生命周期开发模型

于 2022-07-24 20:36:48 首次发布

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SDLC（软件开发生命周期）是涵盖软件规划、创建、测试和部署等阶段的框架。主要模型包括瀑布模型（线性顺序）、V型模型（验证与确认并行）、原型模型（早期客户反馈）、螺旋模型、迭代增量模型和敏捷方法。每个模型都有其特点和适用场景，如瀑布模型强调阶段顺序，敏捷方法注重灵活响应变化。

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SDLC

软件开发生命周期及模型

SDLC

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) ¹ is a framework that defines the steps involved in the development of software at each phase. It covers the detailed plan for building, deploying and maintaining the software.

SDLC软件开发生命周期框架，覆盖了软件开发的所有阶段。覆盖了构建、部署和维护软件的详细计划。

SDLC defines the complete cycle of development i.e. all the tasks involved in planning, creating, testing, and deploying a Software Product.

SDLC定义了完整的开发周期，包括规划、创建、测试和部署软件产品的所有任务。

Requirement Gathering and Analysis ，需求分析阶段，包括需求采集。
Design ，软件设计阶段。
Implementation or Coding，编码和实现。
Testing ，软件测试。
Deployment ，软件部署。
Maintenance，运营和维护。

Waterfall Model 瀑布模式

Waterfall model is the very first model that is used in SDLC. It is also known as the linear sequential model.In this model, the outcome of one phase is the input for the next phase. Development of the next phase starts only when the previous phase is complete.

瀑布模型是软件生命周期的第一个模型，也称为线性模型。在这个模型中，一个阶段的输出是下一个阶段的开始，只有当前一个阶段结束后，才能开始下一个阶段。

First, Requirement gathering and analysis is done. Once the requirement is freeze then only the System Design can start. Herein, the SRS document created is the output for the Requirement phase and it acts as an input for the System Design.
In System Design Software architecture and Design, documents which act as an input for the next phase are created i.e. Implementation and coding.
In the Implementation phase, coding is done and the software developed is the input for the next phase i.e. testing.
In the testing phase, thedeveloped code is tested thoroughly to detect the defects in the software. Defects are logged into the defect tracking tool and are retested once fixed. Bug logging, Retest, Regression testing goes on until the time the software is in go-live state.
In the Deployment phase, the developed code is moved into production after the sign off is given by the customer.
Any issues in the production environment are resolved by the developers which come under maintenance.

V-Shaped Model V型模式

V- Model is also known as Verification and Validation Model. In this model Verification & Validation goes hand in hand i.e. development and testing goes parallel. V model and waterfall model are the same except that the test planning and testing start at an early stage in V-Model.

V模型是认证和确认的模型，认证和确认是齐头并进，例如开发和测试是并行进行。V模型比瀑布模型更早开始测试，其它基本相同。
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Prototype Model 原型模式

The prototype model is a model in which the prototype is developed prior to the actual software.
Prototype models have limited functional capabilities and inefficient performance when compared to the actual software. Dummy functions are used to create prototypes. This is a valuable mechanism for understanding the customers’ needs.
Software prototypes are built prior to the actual software to get valuable feedback from the customer. Feedbacks are implemented and the prototype is again reviewed by the customer for any change. This process goes on until the model is accepted by the customer.

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