sdlc 瀑布式 生命周期_管理信息系统中的SDLC瀑布模型

sdlc 瀑布式 生命周期

瀑布模型 (Waterfall Model)

The waterfall is an SDLC model, in which the development process looks like the flow of water. All the development phases are move step by step.

瀑布是SDLC模型，其开发过程看起来像水流。 所有开发阶段都在逐步进行。

The waterfall model includes the gradual execution of every stage completely. This process is strictly documented and predefined with features expected to every phase of this system development life cycle model.

瀑布模型完全包括每个阶段的逐步执行。 严格记录和定义了此过程，并具有此系统开发生命周期模型的每个阶段都应具有的功能。

The waterfall model fully encompasses with gradual execution of each stage. The Waterfall model is a predefined model with features required for each step of this model of life cycle system development.

瀑布模型完全包含每个阶段的逐步执行。 瀑布模型是预定义的模型，具有该生命周期系统开发模型的每个步骤所需的功能。

The waterfall model is the simplest. The system development starts with the Problem Identification and ends with system maintenance phase. All the Phases and their sequence are described in the following figure.

瀑布模型是最简单的。 系统开发从问题识别开始，到系统维护阶段结束。 下图描述了所有阶段及其顺序。

Waterfall Model

瀑布模型

瀑布模型的阶段 (Phases of waterfall model)

Problem identification This is the first and initial phase of the waterfall model. This phase is used to identify the problem.

问题识别这是瀑布模型的第一阶段和初始阶段。 此阶段用于确定问题。

Requirement analysis In this phase, the experts gather requirement and thinks about the solution of a problem.

需求分析在此阶段，专家收集需求并思考问题的解决方案。

System design - System design is a blueprint of the solution. The process follows the steps i.e. first creates logical design and physical design.

系统设计 -系统设计是解决方案的蓝图。 该过程遵循以下步骤，即首先创建逻辑设计和物理设计。

Implementation - Implementation shows the final integration of the system.

实施 -实施显示了系统的最终集成。

Testing - Testing is a process to validate the objective of the system through various steps. It is a mechanism that makes sure that the system is working properly or not.

测试 -测试是通过各种步骤验证系统目标的过程。 它是一种确保系统正常运行或不正常运行的机制。

Deployment - After successful testing of the developed system, it is deployed to the concern candidate or company for which it has designed.

部署 -成功测试开发的系统后，将其部署到为其设计的关注对象或公司。

Maintenance - After a successful deployment of the system at clients' end, it is compulsory to maintain it from time to time, so that system can successfully run to a long period.

维护 -在客户端成功部署系统后，必须定期维护它，以使系统能够成功长期运行。

The waterfall model is the most suitable model when the requirements are crystal clear and don't change frequently. The waterfall model explores a logical progression of development phases during the development of a system. In line with this, the waterfall model describes the process of system development in a linear sequential manner; it means that every phase in the cycle of development only starts when the previous phase is complete.

当需求清晰明了且不经常更改时， 瀑布模型是最合适的模型。 瀑布模型探索系统开发过程中开发阶段的逻辑进展。 与此相应，瀑布模型以线性顺序的方式描述了系统开发的过程。 这意味着开发周期的每个阶段仅在上一个阶段完成时才开始。

Followings are the advantages and disadvantages of the waterfall model,

以下是瀑布模型的优缺点，

优点 (Advantages)

• It is the simplest model

  这是最简单的模型

• Easy to use and understand

  易于使用和理解

• Each step has a specified result and process analysis

  每个步骤都有指定的结果和过程分析

• Phases of development go step by step

  发展阶段逐步进行

• Waterfall model is ideal to small or medium-sized projects where requirements have certainty and not uncertain

  瀑布模型非常适合要求确定且不确定的中小型项目

• Easy to recognize key points in the development cycle

  易于识别开发周期中的关键点

缺点 (Disadvantages)

• The framework is ready only after the final stage is over

  该框架只有在最后阶段结束后才能准备就绪

• High Risks and Uncertainty

  高风险和不确定性

• Not the best option for complex and object-oriented projects

  对于复杂和面向对象的项目而言，不是最佳选择

• Inappropriate for long-term projects

  不适合长期项目

• The progress of the stage is difficult to identify when it is still under development

  该阶段的进度很难确定何时仍在开发中

• Integration is achieved at the end

  最终实现整合

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/MIS/sdlc-waterfall-model-in-management-information-system.aspx

sdlc 瀑布式 生命周期