MySQL系列复习(4)DDL常见操作

目录

1、库的管理

1.1、创建库

1.2、删除库

1.3、建库通用的写法

1.4、示例

2、表管理

2.1、创建表

2.1.1、格式

2.1.2、注意

2.1.2、约束说明

2.2、删除表

2.3、修改表名

2.4、表设置备注

2.5、复制表

2.6、复制表结构+数据

3、表中列的管理

3.1、添加列

3.2、修改列

3.3、删除列


环境:mysql5.7.30,cmd命令中进⾏演⽰。

DDL:Data Define Language数据定义语⾔,主要⽤来对数据库、表进⾏⼀些管理操作。如:建库、删库、建表、修改表、删除表、对列的增删改等等。
⽂中涉及到的语法⽤[]包含的内容属于可选项,下⾯做详细说明。

1、库的管理

1.1、创建库

create database [if not exists] 库名 [default character set=utf8mb4];

1.2、删除库

drop database [if exists] 库名;

1.3、建库通用的写法

drop database if exists 旧库名;

create database 新库名;

1.4、示例

mysql> drop database if exists test01;
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.17 sec)

mysql> show databases like 'test01';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database test01;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases like 'test01';
+-------------------+
| Database (test01) |
+-------------------+
| test01            |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2、表管理

2.1、创建表

2.1.1、格式

create table 表名(
    字段名1 类型[(宽度)] [约束条件] [comment '字段说明'],
    字段名2 类型[(宽度)] [约束条件] [comment '字段说明'],
    字段名3 类型[(宽度)] [约束条件] [comment '字段说明']
) [表的⼀些设置];

2.1.2、注意

  • 1. 在同⼀张表中,字段名不能相同;
  • 2. 宽度和约束条件为可选参数,字段名和类型是必须的;
  • 3. 最后⼀个字段后不能加逗号;
  • 4. 类型是⽤来限制字段,必须以何种数据类型来存储记录;
  • 5. 类型其实也是对字段的约束(约束字段下的记录必须为XX类型);
  • 6. 类型后写的约束条件是在类型之外的额外添加的约束。

2.1.2、约束说明

1)not null:标识该字段不能为空

mysql> use test01;
Database changed
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test01     |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test1(a int not null comment '字段a');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

mysql> desc test1;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into test1 values(null);
ERROR 1048 (23000): Column 'a' cannot be null
mysql> insert into test1 values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from test1;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2)default value:为该字段设置默认值,默认值为value

mysql> create table test2(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a',
    ->   b int not null default 0 comment '字段b'
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> desc test2;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| b     | int(11) | NO   |     | 0       |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test2(a) values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from  test2;
+---+---+
| a | b |
+---+---+
| 1 | 0 |
+---+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

上⾯插⼊时未设置b的值,⾃动取默认值0。

3)primary key:标识该字段为该表的主键,可以唯⼀的标识记录,插⼊重复的会报错
两种写法,如下:
方式1:跟在列后,如下:

mysql> create table test3(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a' primary key
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> desc test3;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test3(a) values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into test3(a) values(1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'
mysql> select * from test3;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

方式2:在所有列定义之后定义,如下:

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test4;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    14
Current database: test01

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)

mysql> create table test4(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a',
    ->   b int not null default 0 comment '字段b',
    ->   primary key(a)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> desc test4;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| b     | int(11) | NO   |     | 0       |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test4(a,b) values(1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from test4;
+---+---+
| a | b |
+---+---+
| 1 | 1 |
+---+---+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into test4(a,b) values(1,2);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'
mysql>

插⼊重复的值,会报违法主键约束
方式2⽀持多字段作为主键,多个之间⽤逗号隔开,语法:primary key(字段1,字段2,字段n),示例:

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test7;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test7(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a',
    ->   b int not null comment '字段b',
    ->  PRIMARY KEY (a,b)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> desc test7;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| b     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test7(a,b) values(1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from test7;
+---+---+
| a | b |
+---+---+
| 1 | 1 |
+---+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test7(a,b) values(1,1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1-1' for key 'PRIMARY'
mysql>

4)foreign key:为表中的字段设置外键
语法:
foreign key(当前表的列名) references 引⽤的外键表(外键表中字段名称)

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> create table test5(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a' primary key
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc test5;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> create table test6(
    ->  b int not null comment '字段b',
    ->  ts5_a int not null,
    ->  foreign key(ts5_a) references test5(a)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> desc test6;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| b     | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| ts5_a | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test5(a) values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into test6(b,test6.ts5_a) values(1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from test6;
+---+-------+
| b | ts5_a |
+---+-------+
| 1 |     1 |
+---+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test5;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test6(b,test6.ts5_a) values(2,2);
ERROR 1452 (23000): Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test01`.`test6`, CONSTRAINT `test6_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`ts5_a`) REFERENCES `test5` (`a`))
mysql>

说明:表⽰test6中ts5_a字段的值来源于表test5中的字段a。
注意⼏点:

  • 两张表中需要建⽴外键关系的字段类型需要⼀致
  • 要设置外键的字段不能为主键
  • 被引⽤的字段需要为主键
  • 被插⼊的值在外键表必须存在,如上⾯向test6中插⼊ts5_a为2的时候报错了,原因:2的值在test5表中不存在

5)unique key(uq):标识该字段的值是唯⼀的
⽀持⼀个到多个字段,插⼊重复的值会报违反唯⼀约束,会插⼊失败。

定义有2种⽅式。
方式1:跟在字段后,如下:

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test8(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a' unique key
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> desc test8;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test8(a) values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test8(a) values(1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'a'
mysql> select * from test8;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

方式2:所有列定义之后定义,如下:

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test9;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> create table test9(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a',
    ->  unique key(a)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> desc test9;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test9(a) values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into test9(a) values(1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'a'
mysql>

方式2⽀持多字段,多个之间⽤逗号隔开,语法:primary key(字段1,字段2,字段n),示例:

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test10;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test10(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a',
    ->   b int not null comment '字段b',
    ->   unique key(a,b)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> desc test10;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| b     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test10(a,b) values(1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into test10(a,b) values(1,1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1-1' for key 'a'
mysql> select * from test10;
+---+---+
| a | b |
+---+---+
| 1 | 1 |
+---+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

6)auto_increment:标识该字段的值⾃动增长(整数类型,⽽且为主键)

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test11;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test11(
    ->   a int not null AUTO_INCREMENT KEY comment '字段a',
    ->   b int not null comment '字段b'
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> desc test11;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| b     | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test11(b) values(10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test11(b) values(20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from test11;
+---+----+
| a | b  |
+---+----+
| 1 | 10 |
| 2 | 20 |
+---+----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

字段a为⾃动增长,默认值从1开始,每次+1
关于⾃动增长字段的初始值、步长可以在mysql中进⾏设置,比如设置初始值为1万,每次增长10

注意:

⾃增长列当前值存储在内存中,数据库每次重启之后,会查询当前表中⾃增列的最⼤值作为当前值,如果表数据被清空之后,数据库重启了,⾃增列的值将从初始值开始。
我们来演⽰⼀下:

mysql> delete from test11;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test11(b) values(10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from test11;
+---+----+
| a | b  |
+---+----+
| 3 | 10 |
+---+----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

上⾯删除了test11数据,然后插⼊了⼀条,a的值为3,执⾏下⾯操作:
删除test11数据,重启mysql,插⼊数据,然后看a的值是不是被初始化了?如下:

mysql> delete from test11;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from test11;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
PS C:\Windows\system32> net stop mysql;
MySQL 服务正在停止.
MySQL 服务已成功停止。

PS C:\Windows\system32> net start mysql;
MySQL 服务正在启动 .
MySQL 服务已经启动成功。

PS C:\Windows\system32>
PS C:\Windows\system32> mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use test01;
Database changed
mysql> insert into test11(b) value(100);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from test11;
+---+-----+
| a | b   |
+---+-----+
| 1 | 100 |
+---+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.2、删除表

删除表结构和数据。

drop table [if exists] 表名;

mysql> create table test12(
    ->   a int not null comment '字段a' primary key,
    ->   b int not null comment '字段b'
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> insert into test12(a,b) values(1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from test12;
+---+---+
| a | b |
+---+---+
| 1 | 1 |
+---+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table test12;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_test01 |
+------------------+
| test1            |
| test10           |
| test11           |
| test2            |
| test3            |
| test4            |
| test5            |
| test6            |
| test7            |
| test8            |
| test9            |
+------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.3、修改表名

alter table 表名 rename [to] 新表名;

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_test01 |
+------------------+
| test1            |
| test10           |
| test11           |
| test2            |
| test3            |
| test4            |
| test5            |
| test6            |
| test7            |
| test8            |
| test9            |
+------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table test9 rename to test99;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_test01 |
+------------------+
| test1            |
| test10           |
| test11           |
| test2            |
| test3            |
| test4            |
| test5            |
| test6            |
| test7            |
| test8            |
| test99           |
+------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.4、表设置备注

alter table 表名 comment '备注信息';

mysql> alter table test99 comment '测试表99';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table test99;
+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table  | Create Table                                                                                                                                        |
+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test99 | CREATE TABLE `test99` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '字段a',
  UNIQUE KEY `a` (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='测试表99'      |
+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.5、复制表

只复制表结构

create table 表名 like 被复制的表名;

mysql> create table test12 like test11;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select * from test12;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc test12;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| b     | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create table test12;
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table  | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                        |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test12 | CREATE TABLE `test12` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '字段a',
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '字段b',
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8     |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.6、复制表结构+数据

create table 表名 [as] select 字段,... from 被复制的表 [where 条件];
如:

mysql> create table test13 as select * from test11;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test13;
+---+-----+
| a | b   |
+---+-----+
| 1 | 100 |
+---+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

表结构和数据都过来了。

3、表中列的管理

3.1、添加列

alter table 表名 add column 列名 类型 [列约束];
示例:

mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test14;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test14(
    ->   a int not null AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY comment '字段a'
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> desc test14;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table test14 add column b int not null default 0 comment '字段b';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table test14 add column c int not null default 0 comment '字段c';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc test14;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| b     | int(11) | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| c     | int(11) | NO   |     | 0       |                |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test14(b) values(10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from test14;
+---+----+---+
| a | b  | c |
+---+----+---+
| 1 | 10 | 0 |
+---+----+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

3.2、修改列

alter table 表名 modify column 列名 新类型 [约束];
或者
alter table 表名 change column 列名 新列名 新类型 [约束];
2种⽅式区别:modify不能修改列名,change可以修改列名
我们看⼀下test14的表结构:

mysql> show create table test14;
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table  | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test14 | CREATE TABLE `test14` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '字段a',
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '字段b',
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '字段c',
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8       |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

我们将字段c名字及类型修改⼀下,如下:

mysql> alter table test14 change column c d varchar(10) not null default '' comment '字段d';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc test14;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| a     | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| b     | int(11)     | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| d     | varchar(10) | NO   |     |         |                |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create table test14;
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table  | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test14 | CREATE TABLE `test14` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '字段a',
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '字段b',
  `d` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '字段d',
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8       |
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

3.3、删除列

alter table 表名 drop column 列名;

mysql> alter table test14 drop column d;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc test14;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| a     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| b     | int(11) | NO   |     | 0       |                |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create table test14;
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table  | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test14 | CREATE TABLE `test14` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '字段a',
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '字段b',
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8     |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

 

 

 

 

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