码率控制
原理和公式
在 HM编码器代码阅读(29)——码率控制 中，主要讲了码率控制的一些基本原理以及在HM中实现，但是关于很多的细节没有细讲。
下面有几篇文章是讲码率控制方面的：
接下来我们就详细介绍码率控制的其他方面的知识。
与码率控制相关的参数：α、β、λ、QP、比特率（bitRate）、bpp，update_α（α更新因子），update_β（β更新因子），它们的关系如下：
bpp（bits per pixel）需要通过比特率计算
λ = α * pow( bpp, β );
QP = 4.2005 * log( λ ) + 13.7122 ;
每次编码完成一个LCU或者帧之后，码率控制对象都会根据当前剩余的比特数来更新α和β，由此来更新QP参数，以适应比特率的变化，更新方式如下：
α_new += update_α * ( log( old_λ ) - log( temp_λ ) ) * α_old;其中temp_λ = α * pow( bpp, β );
β_new += update_β * ( log( old_λ ) - log( temp_λ ) ) * log( bpp );
update_α和update_β的初始值如下：
Void TEncRCSeq::create( Int totalFrames, Int targetBitrate, Int frameRate, Int GOPSize, Int picWidth, Int picHeight, Int LCUWidth, Int LCUHeight, Int numberOfLevel, Bool useLCUSeparateModel, Int adaptiveBit )
{
// ....
m_targetBits = (Int64)m_totalFrames * (Int64)m_targetRate / (Int64)m_frameRate;
m_seqTargetBpp = (Double)m_targetRate / (Double)m_frameRate / (Double)m_numberOfPixel;
// 根据bpp设置α和β更新因子的值，这两个因子用于编码完成一个LCU/帧之后更新α和β的值
if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.03 )
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.01;
m_betaUpdate = 0.005;
}
else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.08 )
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.05;
m_betaUpdate = 0.025;
}
else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.2 )
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.1;
m_betaUpdate = 0.05;
}
else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.5 )
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.2;
m_betaUpdate = 0.1;
}
else
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.4;
m_betaUpdate = 0.2;
}
// ....
}序列级别的码率控制
初始化
初始化的流程如下：
1、根据用户输入的总得帧的数量、帧率、比特率，计算总的比特数、平均比特数等
2、根据gop的结构确定每个frame的时域层，不同的时域层的frame占用的比特数的百分比不同bitsRatio
3、确定每个帧的α和β
4、确定每个LCU的α和β
Void TEncRateCtrl::init( Int totalFrames, // 编码序列中帧的总数
Int targetBitrate, // 目标比特率（即每秒发送多少比特）
Int frameRate, // 帧率（一秒钟播放多少帧）
Int GOPSize, // gop中包含帧的数量
Int picWidth, // 图像的宽度
Int picHeight, // 图像的高度
Int LCUWidth, // CTU的宽度
Int LCUHeight, // CTU的高度
Int keepHierBits,
Bool useLCUSeparateModel,
GOPEntry GOPList[MAX_GOP] // 图像组的结构（表示了图像组中各个图像的参考依赖关系）
)
{
destroy();
// 是否为低延迟的（默认是true）
Bool isLowdelay = true;
// 是否为低延迟的判断方法：
// 如果前面一帧的poc大于后面一帧的poc（即播放顺序在后面的帧的poc反而小一点）
// 那么就不是低延迟的，表示有延迟（有B帧的情况下一般都是有延迟的）
for ( Int i=0; i<GOPSize-1; i++ )
{
if ( GOPList[i].m_POC > GOPList[i+1].m_POC )
{
isLowdelay = false;
break;
}
}
Int numberOfLevel = 1;
Int adaptiveBit = 0;
if ( keepHierBits > 0 )
{
numberOfLevel = Int( log((Double)GOPSize)/log(2.0) + 0.5 ) + 1;
}
if ( !isLowdelay && GOPSize == 8 )
{
numberOfLevel = Int( log((Double)GOPSize)/log(2.0) + 0.5 ) + 1;
}
numberOfLevel++; // intra picture
numberOfLevel++; // non-reference picture
// 设置一个GOP中，每个图像的比特率的占用比
Int* bitsRatio;
bitsRatio = new Int[ GOPSize ];
for ( Int i=0; i<GOPSize; i++ )
{
bitsRatio[i] = 10;
if ( !GOPList[i].m_refPic )
{
bitsRatio[i] = 2;
}
}
// 下面这些设置可以通过查询HEVC标准的表来得到
if ( keepHierBits > 0 )
{
// bpp表示bit per pixel
Double bpp = (Double)( targetBitrate / (Double)( frameRate*picWidth*picHeight ) );
if ( GOPSize == 4 && isLowdelay )
{
if ( bpp > 0.2 )
{
bitsRatio[0] = 2;
bitsRatio[1] = 3;
bitsRatio[2] = 2;
bitsRatio[3] = 6;
}
else if( bpp > 0.1 )
{
bitsRatio[0] = 2;
bitsRatio[1] = 3;
bitsRatio[2] = 2;
bitsRatio[3] = 10;
}
else if ( bpp > 0.05 )
{
bitsRatio[0] = 2;
bitsRatio[1] = 3;
bitsRatio[2] = 2;
bitsRatio[3] = 12;
}
else
{
bitsRatio[0] = 2;
bitsRatio[1] = 3;
bitsRatio[2] = 2;
bitsRatio[3] = 14;
}
if ( keepHierBits == 2 )
{
adaptiveBit = 1;
}
}
else if ( GOPSize == 8 && !isLowdelay )
{
if ( bpp > 0.2 )
{
bitsRatio[0] = 15;
bitsRatio[1] = 5;
bitsRatio[2] = 4;
bitsRatio[3] = 1;
bitsRatio[4] = 1;
bitsRatio[5] = 4;
bitsRatio[6] = 1;
bitsRatio[7] = 1;
}
else if ( bpp > 0.1 )
{
bitsRatio[0] = 20;
bitsRatio[1] = 6;
bitsRatio[2] = 4;
bitsRatio[3] = 1;
bitsRatio[4] = 1;
bitsRatio[5] = 4;
bitsRatio[6] = 1;
bitsRatio[7] = 1;
}
else if ( bpp > 0.05 )
{
bitsRatio[0] = 25;
bitsRatio[1] = 7;
bitsRatio[2] = 4;
bitsRatio[3] = 1;
bitsRatio[4] = 1;
bitsRatio[5] = 4;
bitsRatio[6] = 1;
bitsRatio[7] = 1;
}
else
{
bitsRatio[0] = 30;
bitsRatio[1] = 8;
bitsRatio[2] = 4;
bitsRatio[3] = 1;
bitsRatio[4] = 1;
bitsRatio[5] = 4;
bitsRatio[6] = 1;
bitsRatio[7] = 1;
}
if ( keepHierBits == 2 )
{
adaptiveBit = 2;
}
}
else
{
printf( "\n hierarchical bit allocation is not support for the specified coding structure currently.\n" );
}
}
// GOP中图像的序号到level的映射
Int* GOPID2Level = new int[ GOPSize ];
for ( int i=0; i<GOPSize; i++ )
{
GOPID2Level[i] = 1;
if ( !GOPList[i].m_refPic )
{
GOPID2Level[i] = 2;
}
}
if ( keepHierBits > 0 )
{
if ( GOPSize == 4 && isLowdelay )
{
GOPID2Level[0] = 3;
GOPID2Level[1] = 2;
GOPID2Level[2] = 3;
GOPID2Level[3] = 1;
}
else if ( GOPSize == 8 && !isLowdelay )
{
GOPID2Level[0] = 1;
GOPID2Level[1] = 2;
GOPID2Level[2] = 3;
GOPID2Level[3] = 4;
GOPID2Level[4] = 4;
GOPID2Level[5] = 3;
GOPID2Level[6] = 4;
GOPID2Level[7] = 4;
}
}
if ( !isLowdelay && GOPSize == 8 )
{
GOPID2Level[0] = 1;
GOPID2Level[1] = 2;
GOPID2Level[2] = 3;
GOPID2Level[3] = 4;
GOPID2Level[4] = 4;
GOPID2Level[5] = 3;
GOPID2Level[6] = 4;
GOPID2Level[7] = 4;
}
// 序列层的码率控制
m_encRCSeq = new TEncRCSeq;
// 各种参数初始化
m_encRCSeq->create( totalFrames, targetBitrate, frameRate, GOPSize, picWidth, picHeight, LCUWidth, LCUHeight, numberOfLevel, useLCUSeparateModel, adaptiveBit );
m_encRCSeq->initBitsRatio( bitsRatio ); // 设置每个帧的比特率
m_encRCSeq->initGOPID2Level( GOPID2Level );
m_encRCSeq->initPicPara(); // 主要是帧级别的alpha和beta参数的设置
if ( useLCUSeparateModel )
{
m_encRCSeq->initLCUPara();// 主要是LCU级别的alpha和beta参数的设置
}
delete[] bitsRatio;
delete[] GOPID2Level;
}Void TEncRCSeq::create( Int totalFrames, Int targetBitrate, Int frameRate, Int GOPSize, Int picWidth, Int picHeight, Int LCUWidth, Int LCUHeight, Int numberOfLevel, Bool useLCUSeparateModel, Int adaptiveBit )
{
destroy();
m_totalFrames = totalFrames;
m_targetRate = targetBitrate;
m_frameRate = frameRate;
m_GOPSize = GOPSize;
m_picWidth = picWidth;
m_picHeight = picHeight;
m_LCUWidth = LCUWidth;
m_LCUHeight = LCUHeight;
m_numberOfLevel = numberOfLevel;
m_useLCUSeparateModel = useLCUSeparateModel;
m_numberOfPixel = m_picWidth * m_picHeight;
// m_targetBits是指一秒之内的平均比特数量
m_targetBits = (Int64)m_totalFrames * (Int64)m_targetRate / (Int64)m_frameRate;
m_seqTargetBpp = (Double)m_targetRate / (Double)m_frameRate / (Double)m_numberOfPixel;
// 根据bpp设置α和β更新因子的值，这两个因子用于编码完成一个LCU/帧之后更新α和β的值
if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.03 )
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.01;
m_betaUpdate = 0.005;
}
else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.08 )
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.05;
m_betaUpdate = 0.025;
}
else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.2 )
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.1;
m_betaUpdate = 0.05;
}
else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.5 )
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.2;
m_betaUpdate = 0.1;
}
else
{
m_alphaUpdate = 0.4;
m_betaUpdate = 0.2;
}
m_averageBits = (Int)(m_targetBits / totalFrames);
Int picWidthInBU = ( m_picWidth % m_LCUWidth ) == 0 ? m_picWidth / m_LCUWidth : m_picWidth / m_LCUWidth + 1;
Int picHeightInBU = ( m_picHeight % m_LCUHeight ) == 0 ? m_picHeight / m_LCUHeight : m_picHeight / m_LCUHeight + 1;
// 计算一个帧中LCU的数量
m_numberOfLCU = picWidthInBU * picHeightInBU;
m_bitsRatio = new Int[m_GOPSize];
for ( Int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
{
m_bitsRatio[i] = 1;
}
m_GOPID2Level = new Int[m_GOPSize];
for ( Int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
{
m_GOPID2Level[i] = 1;
}
m_picPara = new TRCParameter[m_numberOfLevel];
for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
{
m_picPara[i].m_alpha = 0.0;
m_picPara[i].m_beta = 0.0;
}
// m_useLCUSeparateModel表示是否使用LCU级别的码率控制
if ( m_useLCUSeparateModel )
{
m_LCUPara = new TRCParameter*[m_numberOfLevel];
for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
{
m_LCUPara[i] = new TRCParameter[m_numberOfLCU];
for ( Int j=0; j<m_numberOfLCU; j++)
{
m_LCUPara[i][j].m_alpha = 0.0;
m_LCUPara[i][j].m_beta = 0.0;
}
}
}
m_framesLeft = m_totalFrames;
m_bitsLeft = m_targetBits;
m_adaptiveBit = adaptiveBit;
m_lastLambda = 0.0;
}更新
/*
** 编码完一帧之后更新
*/
Void TEncRCSeq::updateAfterPic ( Int bits )
{
m_bitsLeft -= bits;
m_framesLeft--;
}
图像组级别的码率控制
初始化
初始化的流程如下：
1、计算根据一个公式去估计一个gop占用的比特数
2、根据bitsRatio估计每个frame的比特数，这里是很粗略的计算，下一步在frame级别的码率控制时还要细化
Void TEncRCGOP::create( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, Int numPic )
{
// 先销毁原先的数据
destroy();
// 估计比特数
Int targetBits = xEstGOPTargetBits( encRCSeq, numPic );
// 如果使用了自适应比特率的模式，且Lambda大于0.1
// 就计算gop中每个frame的比特权重（即该frame的比特数占gop的比特数的百分比）
if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() > 0 && encRCSeq->getLastLambda() > 0.1 )
{
Double targetBpp = (Double)targetBits / encRCSeq->getNumPixel();
Double basicLambda = 0.0;
Double* lambdaRatio = new Double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];
Double* equaCoeffA = new Double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];
Double* equaCoeffB = new Double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];
if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() == 1 ) // for GOP size =4, low delay case
{
if ( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() < 120.0 )
{
lambdaRatio[1] = 0.725 * log( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() ) + 0.5793;
lambdaRatio[0] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
lambdaRatio[2] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
lambdaRatio[3] = 1.0;
}
else
{
lambdaRatio[0] = 5.0;
lambdaRatio[1] = 4.0;
lambdaRatio[2] = 5.0;
lambdaRatio[3] = 1.0;
}
}
else if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() == 2 ) // for GOP size = 8, random access case
{
if ( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() < 90.0 )
{
lambdaRatio[0] = 1.0;
lambdaRatio[1] = 0.725 * log( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() ) + 0.7963;
lambdaRatio[2] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
lambdaRatio[3] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
lambdaRatio[4] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
lambdaRatio[5] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
lambdaRatio[6] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
lambdaRatio[7] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
}
else
{
lambdaRatio[0] = 1.0;
lambdaRatio[1] = 4.0;
lambdaRatio[2] = 5.0;
lambdaRatio[3] = 12.3;
lambdaRatio[4] = 12.3;
lambdaRatio[5] = 5.0;
lambdaRatio[6] = 12.3;
lambdaRatio[7] = 12.3;
}
}
xCalEquaCoeff( encRCSeq, lambdaRatio, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB, encRCSeq->getGOPSize() );
basicLambda = xSolveEqua( targetBpp, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB, encRCSeq->getGOPSize() );
encRCSeq->setAllBitRatio( basicLambda, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB );
delete []lambdaRatio;
delete []equaCoeffA;
delete []equaCoeffB;
}
m_picTargetBitInGOP = new Int[numPic];
Int i;
Int totalPicRatio = 0;
Int currPicRatio = 0;
for ( i=0; i<numPic; i++ )
{
totalPicRatio += encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
}
// 粗略的计算GOP中每一帧分配的比特数
for ( i=0; i<numPic; i++ )
{
currPicRatio = encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
m_picTargetBitInGOP[i] = (Int)( ((Double)targetBits) * currPicRatio / totalPicRatio );
}
m_encRCSeq = encRCSeq;
m_numPic = numPic;
m_targetBits = targetBits;
m_picLeft = m_numPic;
m_bitsLeft = m_targetBits;
}/*
** 估计一个GOP所需的比特数
*/
Int TEncRCGOP::xEstGOPTargetBits( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, Int GOPSize )
{
// 选择滑动窗口的大小
Int realInfluencePicture = min( g_RCSmoothWindowSize, encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() );
// 计算理论的每图像比特数，直接用总比特数除以总得帧数
Int averageTargetBitsPerPic = (Int)( encRCSeq->getTargetBits() / encRCSeq->getTotalFrames() );
// 计算每一帧平均分配的比特数
Int currentTargetBitsPerPic = (Int)( ( encRCSeq->getBitsLeft() - averageTargetBitsPerPic * (encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() - realInfluencePicture) ) / realInfluencePicture );
// 当前GOP应该分配的比特数
Int targetBits = currentTargetBitsPerPic * GOPSize;
if ( targetBits < 200 )
{
targetBits = 200; // at least allocate 200 bits for one GOP
}
return targetBits;
}更新
/*
** 编码完一帧之后进行更新
*/
Void TEncRCGOP::updateAfterPicture( Int bitsCost )
{
// 更新剩余比特数
m_bitsLeft -= bitsCost;
// 更新剩余帧数
m_picLeft--;
}图像级别的码率控制
初始化
初始化的流程
1、估计每个frame占用的比特数
2、估计slice头部/frame头部占用的比特数
3、把步骤1和步骤2计算的结果相加，就是分配给帧的比特数
4、设置LCU的相关参数
Void TEncRCPic::create( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, TEncRCGOP* encRCGOP, Int frameLevel, list<TEncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures )
{
destroy();
m_encRCSeq = encRCSeq;
m_encRCGOP = encRCGOP;
Int targetBits = xEstPicTargetBits( encRCSeq, encRCGOP );
Int estHeaderBits = xEstPicHeaderBits( listPreviousPictures, frameLevel );
if ( targetBits < estHeaderBits + 100 )
{
targetBits = estHeaderBits + 100; // at least allocate 100 bits for picture data
}
m_frameLevel = frameLevel;
m_numberOfPixel = encRCSeq->getNumPixel();
m_numberOfLCU = encRCSeq->getNumberOfLCU();
m_estPicLambda = 100.0;
// 分配给帧的比特数
m_targetBits = targetBits;
m_estHeaderBits = estHeaderBits;
m_bitsLeft = m_targetBits;
Int picWidth = encRCSeq->getPicWidth();
Int picHeight = encRCSeq->getPicHeight();
Int LCUWidth = encRCSeq->getLCUWidth();
Int LCUHeight = encRCSeq->getLCUHeight();
Int picWidthInLCU = ( picWidth % LCUWidth ) == 0 ? picWidth / LCUWidth : picWidth / LCUWidth + 1;
Int picHeightInLCU = ( picHeight % LCUHeight ) == 0 ? picHeight / LCUHeight : picHeight / LCUHeight + 1;
m_LCULeft = m_numberOfLCU;
m_bitsLeft -= m_estHeaderBits;
m_pixelsLeft = m_numberOfPixel;
// 分配LCU级别的码率控制对象
m_LCUs = new TRCLCU[m_numberOfLCU];
Int i, j;
Int LCUIdx;
// 初始化LCU级别的码率信息
for ( i=0; i<picWidthInLCU; i++ )
{
for ( j=0; j<picHeightInLCU; j++ )
{
LCUIdx = j*picWidthInLCU + i;
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualBits = 0; // 比特数
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_QP = 0; // QP参数
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_lambda = 0.0; // λ参数
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_targetBits = 0; // 目标比特数
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_bitWeight = 1.0; // 比特的权重
Int currWidth = ( (i == picWidthInLCU -1) ? picWidth - LCUWidth *(picWidthInLCU -1) : LCUWidth );
Int currHeight = ( (j == picHeightInLCU-1) ? picHeight - LCUHeight*(picHeightInLCU-1) : LCUHeight );
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_numberOfPixel = currWidth * currHeight; // 一个LCU拥有的像素数
}
}
m_picActualHeaderBits = 0;
m_picActualBits = 0;
m_picQP = 0;
m_picLambda = 0.0;
}/*
** 估计一个帧所需的比特数
*/
Int TEncRCPic::xEstPicTargetBits( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, TEncRCGOP* encRCGOP )
{
Int targetBits = 0;
// 当前GOP剩余的比特数
Int GOPbitsLeft = encRCGOP->getBitsLeft();
Int i;
// 当前帧在gop中的位置，根据位置可以得到它的时域层，同时得到该帧的重要性
Int currPicPosition = encRCGOP->getNumPic()-encRCGOP->getPicLeft();
Int currPicRatio = encRCSeq->getBitRatio( currPicPosition );
Int totalPicRatio = 0;
for ( i=currPicPosition; i<encRCGOP->getNumPic(); i++ )
{
totalPicRatio += encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
}
targetBits = Int( ((Double)GOPbitsLeft) * currPicRatio / totalPicRatio );
if ( targetBits < 100 )
{
targetBits = 100; // at least allocate 100 bits for one picture
}
if ( m_encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() > 16 )
{
targetBits = Int( g_RCWeightPicRargetBitInBuffer * targetBits + g_RCWeightPicTargetBitInGOP * m_encRCGOP->getTargetBitInGOP( currPicPosition ) );
}
return targetBits;
}/*
** 估计帧头部/slice头部等占用的比特数
*/
Int TEncRCPic::xEstPicHeaderBits( list<TEncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures, Int frameLevel )
{
Int numPreviousPics = 0;
Int totalPreviousBits = 0;
list<TEncRCPic*>::iterator it;
for ( it = listPreviousPictures.begin(); it != listPreviousPictures.end(); it++ )
{
// 获取同一时域层的相邻帧
if ( (*it)->getFrameLevel() == frameLevel )
{
totalPreviousBits += (*it)->getPicActualHeaderBits();
numPreviousPics++;
}
}
Int estHeaderBits = 0;
if ( numPreviousPics > 0 )
{
estHeaderBits = totalPreviousBits / numPreviousPics;
}
return estHeaderBits;
}更新
/*
** 编码完成一帧之后进行处理
** 主要是更新各种参数
*/
Void TEncRCPic::updateAfterPicture( Int actualHeaderBits, Int actualTotalBits, Double averageQP, Double averageLambda, SliceType eSliceType)
{
m_picActualHeaderBits = actualHeaderBits;
m_picActualBits = actualTotalBits;
if ( averageQP > 0.0 )
{
m_picQP = Int( averageQP + 0.5 );
}
else
{
m_picQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
}
m_picLambda = averageLambda;
Double alpha = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
Double beta = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
// 如果是I slice
if (eSliceType == I_SLICE)
{
updateAlphaBetaIntra(&alpha, &beta);
}
else
{
// update parameters
/*
** 下面按照公式计算：
** α_new += update_α * ( log( old_λ ) - log( temp_λ ) ) * α_old;其中temp_λ = α * pow( bpp, β );
** β_new += update_β * ( log( old_λ ) - log( temp_λ ) ) * log( bpp );
*/
Double picActualBits = ( Double )m_picActualBits;
Double picActualBpp = picActualBits/(Double)m_numberOfPixel;
Double calLambda = alpha * pow( picActualBpp, beta );
Double inputLambda = m_picLambda;
if ( inputLambda < 0.01 || calLambda < 0.01 || picActualBpp < 0.0001 )
{
alpha *= ( 1.0 - m_encRCSeq->getAlphaUpdate() / 2.0 );
beta *= ( 1.0 - m_encRCSeq->getBetaUpdate() / 2.0 );
alpha = Clip3( g_RCAlphaMinValue, g_RCAlphaMaxValue, alpha );
beta = Clip3( g_RCBetaMinValue, g_RCBetaMaxValue, beta );
TRCParameter rcPara;
rcPara.m_alpha = alpha;
rcPara.m_beta = beta;
m_encRCSeq->setPicPara( m_frameLevel, rcPara );
return;
}
calLambda = Clip3( inputLambda / 10.0, inputLambda * 10.0, calLambda );
alpha += m_encRCSeq->getAlphaUpdate() * ( log( inputLambda ) - log( calLambda ) ) * alpha;
double lnbpp = log( picActualBpp );
lnbpp = Clip3( -5.0, -0.1, lnbpp );
beta += m_encRCSeq->getBetaUpdate() * ( log( inputLambda ) - log( calLambda ) ) * lnbpp;
alpha = Clip3( g_RCAlphaMinValue, g_RCAlphaMaxValue, alpha );
beta = Clip3( g_RCBetaMinValue, g_RCBetaMaxValue, beta );
}
TRCParameter rcPara;
rcPara.m_alpha = alpha;
rcPara.m_beta = beta;
m_encRCSeq->setPicPara( m_frameLevel, rcPara );
if ( m_frameLevel == 1 )
{
Double currLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 10000.0, m_picLambda );
Double updateLastLambda = g_RCWeightHistoryLambda * m_encRCSeq->getLastLambda() + g_RCWeightCurrentLambda * currLambda;
m_encRCSeq->setLastLambda( updateLastLambda );
}
}/*
** I帧的码率控制参数的更新
*/
Void TEncRCPic::updateAlphaBetaIntra(double *alpha, double *beta)
{
Double lnbpp = log(pow(m_totalCostIntra / (Double)m_numberOfPixel, BETA1));
Double diffLambda = (*beta)*(log((Double)m_picActualBits)-log((Double)m_targetBits));
diffLambda = Clip3(-0.125, 0.125, 0.25*diffLambda);
*alpha = (*alpha) * exp(diffLambda);
*beta = (*beta) + diffLambda / lnbpp;
}LCU级别的码率控制
初始化
/*
** 估计帧的lambda
** 同时这个函数也对一个图像中所有的LCU的码率控制参数进行初始化
*/
Double TEncRCPic::estimatePicLambda( list<TEncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures, SliceType eSliceType)
{
Double alpha = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
Double beta = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
Double bpp = (Double)m_targetBits/(Double)m_numberOfPixel;
Double estLambda;
if (eSliceType == I_SLICE)
{
estLambda = calculateLambdaIntra(alpha, beta, pow(m_totalCostIntra/(Double)m_numberOfPixel, BETA1), bpp);
}
else
{
estLambda = alpha * pow( bpp, beta );
}
Double lastLevelLambda = -1.0;
Double lastPicLambda = -1.0;
Double lastValidLambda = -1.0;
list<TEncRCPic*>::iterator it;
// 遍历前面已经编码的帧
for ( it = listPreviousPictures.begin(); it != listPreviousPictures.end(); it++ )
{
// 如果某个帧的时域层和当前帧的时域层相同
if ( (*it)->getFrameLevel() == m_frameLevel )
{
lastLevelLambda = (*it)->getPicActualLambda();
}
lastPicLambda = (*it)->getPicActualLambda();
if ( lastPicLambda > 0.0 )
{
lastValidLambda = lastPicLambda;
}
}
if ( lastLevelLambda > 0.0 )
{
lastLevelLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 10000.0, lastLevelLambda );
estLambda = Clip3( lastLevelLambda * pow( 2.0, -3.0/3.0 ), lastLevelLambda * pow( 2.0, 3.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
}
if ( lastPicLambda > 0.0 )
{
lastPicLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 2000.0, lastPicLambda );
estLambda = Clip3( lastPicLambda * pow( 2.0, -10.0/3.0 ), lastPicLambda * pow( 2.0, 10.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
}
else if ( lastValidLambda > 0.0 )
{
lastValidLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 2000.0, lastValidLambda );
estLambda = Clip3( lastValidLambda * pow(2.0, -10.0/3.0), lastValidLambda * pow(2.0, 10.0/3.0), estLambda );
}
else
{
estLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 10000.0, estLambda );
}
if ( estLambda < 0.1 )
{
estLambda = 0.1;
}
m_estPicLambda = estLambda;
Double totalWeight = 0.0;
// initial BU bit allocation weight
// 初始化LCU级别的码率控制参数
for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
{
Double alphaLCU, betaLCU;
if ( m_encRCSeq->getUseLCUSeparateModel() )
{
alphaLCU = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, i ).m_alpha;
betaLCU = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, i ).m_beta;
}
else
{
alphaLCU = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
betaLCU = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
}
m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight = m_LCUs[i].m_numberOfPixel * pow( estLambda/alphaLCU, 1.0/betaLCU );
if ( m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight < 0.01 )
{
m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight = 0.01;
}
totalWeight += m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight;
}
for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
{
Double BUTargetBits = m_targetBits * m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight / totalWeight;
m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight = BUTargetBits;
}
return estLambda;
}更新
/*
** 编码完成一个LCU之后进行处理
** 参数的更新
*/
Void TEncRCPic::updateAfterLCU( Int LCUIdx, Int bits, Int QP, Double lambda, Bool updateLCUParameter )
{
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualBits = bits;
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_QP = QP;
m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_lambda = lambda;
m_LCULeft--;
m_bitsLeft -= bits;
m_pixelsLeft -= m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_numberOfPixel;
if ( !updateLCUParameter )
{
return;
}
if ( !m_encRCSeq->getUseLCUSeparateModel() )
{
return;
}
Double alpha = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx ).m_alpha;
Double beta = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx ).m_beta;
/*
** 按照公式计算参数：
** α_new += update_α * ( log( old_λ ) - log( temp_λ ) ) * α_old;其中temp_λ = α * pow( bpp, β );
** β_new += update_β * ( log( old_λ ) - log( temp_λ ) ) * log( bpp );
*/
Int LCUActualBits = m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualBits;
Int LCUTotalPixels = m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_numberOfPixel;
Double bpp = ( Double )LCUActualBits/( Double )LCUTotalPixels;
Double calLambda = alpha * pow( bpp, beta );
Double inputLambda = m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_lambda;
if( inputLambda < 0.01 || calLambda < 0.01 || bpp < 0.0001 )
{
alpha *= ( 1.0 - m_encRCSeq->getAlphaUpdate() / 2.0 );
beta *= ( 1.0 - m_encRCSeq->getBetaUpdate() / 2.0 );
alpha = Clip3( g_RCAlphaMinValue, g_RCAlphaMaxValue, alpha );
beta = Clip3( g_RCBetaMinValue, g_RCBetaMaxValue, beta );
TRCParameter rcPara;
rcPara.m_alpha = alpha;
rcPara.m_beta = beta;
m_encRCSeq->setLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx, rcPara );
return;
}
calLambda = Clip3( inputLambda / 10.0, inputLambda * 10.0, calLambda );
alpha += m_encRCSeq->getAlphaUpdate() * ( log( inputLambda ) - log( calLambda ) ) * alpha;
double lnbpp = log( bpp );
lnbpp = Clip3( -5.0, -0.1, lnbpp );
beta += m_encRCSeq->getBetaUpdate() * ( log( inputLambda ) - log( calLambda ) ) * lnbpp;
alpha = Clip3( g_RCAlphaMinValue, g_RCAlphaMaxValue, alpha );
beta = Clip3( g_RCBetaMinValue, g_RCBetaMaxValue, beta );
TRCParameter rcPara;
rcPara.m_alpha = alpha;
rcPara.m_beta = beta;
m_encRCSeq->setLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx, rcPara );
}QP的计算
在compressSlice中，通过码率控制计算QP参数，大概的计算流程如下：
1、调用getLCUTargetBpp，取得bpp
2、计算QP：
（1）如果是I slice 调用getLCUEstLambdaAndQP，取得lambda（λ），QP值直接取自slice中的QP值
（2）如果是P、B slice，调用getLCUEstLambda，取得lambda（λ），QP值根据λ和slice的QP值调用getLCUEstQP计算
3、往码率控制对象中保存λ和初始的QP值，这个QP的值就是编码的时候使用的QP值
if ( m_pcCfg->getUseRateCtrl() )
{
Int estQP = pcSlice->getSliceQp();
Double estLambda = -1.0;
Double bpp = -1.0;
if ( ( rpcPic->getSlice( 0 )->getSliceType() == I_SLICE && m_pcCfg->getForceIntraQP() ) || !m_pcCfg->getLCULevelRC() )
{
estQP = pcSlice->getSliceQp();
}
else
{
bpp = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUTargetBpp(pcSlice->getSliceType());
if ( rpcPic->getSlice( 0 )->getSliceType() == I_SLICE)
{
estLambda = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUEstLambdaAndQP(bpp, pcSlice->getSliceQp(), &estQP);
}
else
{
estLambda = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUEstLambda( bpp );
estQP = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUEstQP ( estLambda, pcSlice->getSliceQp() );
}
estQP = Clip3( -pcSlice->getSPS()->getQpBDOffsetY(), MAX_QP, estQP );
m_pcRdCost->setLambda(estLambda);
#if RDOQ_CHROMA_LAMBDA
// set lambda for RDOQ
Double weight=m_pcRdCost->getChromaWeight();
const Double lambdaArray[3] = { estLambda, (estLambda / weight), (estLambda / weight) };
m_pcTrQuant->setLambdas( lambdaArray );
#else
m_pcTrQuant->setLambda( estLambda );
#endif
}
m_pcRateCtrl->setRCQP( estQP );
#if ADAPTIVE_QP_SELECTION
pcCU->getSlice()->setSliceQpBase( estQP );
#endif
}计算bpp（bits per pixel）
/*
** 计算LCU的bpp
*/
Double TEncRCPic::getLCUTargetBpp(SliceType eSliceType)
{
Int LCUIdx = getLCUCoded();
Double bpp = -1.0;
Int avgBits = 0;
// 先计算LCU的平均的比特数
if (eSliceType == I_SLICE)
{
Int noOfLCUsLeft = m_numberOfLCU - LCUIdx + 1;
Int bitrateWindow = min(4,noOfLCUsLeft);
Double MAD = getLCU(LCUIdx).m_costIntra;
if (m_remainingCostIntra > 0.1 )
{
Double weightedBitsLeft = (m_bitsLeft*bitrateWindow+(m_bitsLeft-getLCU(LCUIdx).m_targetBitsLeft)*noOfLCUsLeft)/(Double)bitrateWindow;
avgBits = Int( MAD*weightedBitsLeft/m_remainingCostIntra );
}
else
{
avgBits = Int( m_bitsLeft / m_LCULeft );
}
m_remainingCostIntra -= MAD;
}
else
{
Double totalWeight = 0;
for ( Int i=LCUIdx; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
{
totalWeight += m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight;
}
Int realInfluenceLCU = min( g_RCLCUSmoothWindowSize, getLCULeft() );
avgBits = (Int)( m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_bitWeight - ( totalWeight - m_bitsLeft ) / realInfluenceLCU + 0.5 );
}
if ( avgBits < 1 )
{
avgBits = 1;
}
// 根据LCU的平均比特数计算bpp
bpp = ( Double )avgBits/( Double )m_LCUs[ LCUIdx ].m_numberOfPixel;
m_LCUs[ LCUIdx ].m_targetBits = avgBits;
return bpp;
}
计算λ
/*
** 估计LCU的λ
*/
Double TEncRCPic::getLCUEstLambda( Double bpp )
{
Int LCUIdx = getLCUCoded();
Double alpha;
Double beta;
if ( m_encRCSeq->getUseLCUSeparateModel() )
{
alpha = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx ).m_alpha;
beta = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx ).m_beta;
}
else
{
alpha = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
beta = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
}
// 根据α和β计算λ
Double estLambda = alpha * pow( bpp, beta );
//for Lambda clip, picture level clip
Double clipPicLambda = m_estPicLambda;
//for Lambda clip, LCU level clip
Double clipNeighbourLambda = -1.0;
for ( int i=LCUIdx - 1; i>=0; i-- )
{
if ( m_LCUs[i].m_lambda > 0 )
{
clipNeighbourLambda = m_LCUs[i].m_lambda;
break;
}
}
if ( clipNeighbourLambda > 0.0 )
{
estLambda = Clip3( clipNeighbourLambda * pow( 2.0, -1.0/3.0 ), clipNeighbourLambda * pow( 2.0, 1.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
}
if ( clipPicLambda > 0.0 )
{
estLambda = Clip3( clipPicLambda * pow( 2.0, -2.0/3.0 ), clipPicLambda * pow( 2.0, 2.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
}
else
{
estLambda = Clip3( 10.0, 1000.0, estLambda );
}
if ( estLambda < 0.1 )
{
estLambda = 0.1;
}
return estLambda;
}计算QP参数
/*
** 计算LCU的QP参数
*/
Int TEncRCPic::getLCUEstQP( Double lambda, Int clipPicQP )
{
Int LCUIdx = getLCUCoded();
// 计算QP的公式：QP = 4.2005 * log( λ ) + 13.7122 ;
Int estQP = Int( 4.2005 * log( lambda ) + 13.7122 + 0.5 );
//for Lambda clip, LCU level clip
Int clipNeighbourQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
for ( int i=LCUIdx - 1; i>=0; i-- )
{
if ( (getLCU(i)).m_QP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
{
clipNeighbourQP = getLCU(i).m_QP;
break;
}
}
if ( clipNeighbourQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
{
estQP = Clip3( clipNeighbourQP - 1, clipNeighbourQP + 1, estQP );
}
estQP = Clip3( clipPicQP - 2, clipPicQP + 2, estQP );
return estQP;
}
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