在Linux下通过C语言操作MySQL数据库，及部分数据库源代码

作者：longyun(mtd527@gmail.com)


实验环境：
Fedora 11

组件：
libdbi-dbd-mysql-0.8.3-4.fc11.i586
mysql-5.1.42-2.fc11.i586
mysql-libs-5.1.42-2.fc11.i586
mysql-devel-5.1.42-2.fc11.i586
mysql-connector-java-5.1.8-2.fc11.i586
qt-mysql-4.5.3-9.fc11.i586
php-mysql-5.2.11-2.fc11.i586
mysql-connector-odbc-5.1.5r1144-4.fc11.i586
mysql-server-5.1.42-2.fc11.i586



第一步：

启动一个mysql客户端
[mtd@mutiandong mysql]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 20
Server version: 5.1.42 Source distribution

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

创建一个数据库
mysql> create database cusemysql;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

并使用这个数据库
mysql> use cusemysql;
Database changed
在给数据库内创建一个表
mysql> create table children(childno int not null unique,fname varchar(20),age int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

在该表内插入一项数据
mysql> insert into children values(5,‘jhon’,10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from children;
+---------+-------+------+
| childno | fname | age  |
+---------+-------+------+
|       1 | jhon  |   10 |
+---------+-------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql>


第二部：

编写 insert.c   

///
/* insert.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <mysql/mysql.h>
/*注意哦，上面写的是mysql.h的绝对地址，一般在/usr/include/mysql下，仔细看看你的在哪里？这种方式 #include "mysql/h" 可能也可以*/

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    MYSQL my_connection;

    int res;

    mysql_init(&my_connection);

      /*mysql_real_connect(&mysql,主机名,用户名,密码,数据库名,0,NULL,0) == NULL)*/   
      /*mysql_real_connect(&mysql,host,user,passwd,dbname,0,NULL,0) == NULL)*/
    if (mysql_real_connect(&my_connection, "localhost", "root", "","cusemysql",0,NULL,CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS))
    {
            printf("Connection success\n");
        res = mysql_query(&my_connection, "insert into children values(11,'Anny',5)");

        if (!res)
        {   
            printf("Inserted %lu rows\n",(unsigned long)mysql_affected_rows(&my_connection));
        /*里头的函数返回受表中影响的行数*/
        }
        else
        {
        //分别打印出错误代码及详细信息
        fprintf(stderr, "Insert error %d: %s\n",mysql_errno(&my_connection),mysql_error(&my_connection));
        }
        mysql_close(&my_connection);
    }

    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Connection failed\n");

        if (mysql_errno(&my_connection))
        {
                fprintf(stderr, "Connection error %d: %s\n",mysql_errno(&my_connection),mysql_error(&my_connection));
        }
    }
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
/
代码写完了，要编译哦
[mtd@mutiandong mysql]# gcc -o insert insert.c
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0x1e): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_init'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0x47): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_real_connect'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0x76): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_query'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0x9a): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_affected_rows'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0xbc): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_error'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0xcf): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_errno'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0xf5): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_close'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0x11f): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_errno'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0x135): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_error'
/tmp/ccyHfsX2.o(.text+0x148): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_errno'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
[mtd@mutiandong mysql]#

头文件和库文件位置没有指定
[mtd@mutiandong mysql]# gcc -o insert insert.c -I/usr/include/mysql/ -L/usr/lib/mysql/
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0x1e): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_init'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0x47): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_real_connect'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0x76): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_query'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0x9a): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_affected_rows'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0xbc): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_error'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0xcf): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_errno'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0xf5): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_close'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0x11f): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_errno'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0x135): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_error'
/tmp/cc4gdmlp.o(.text+0x148): In function `main':
: undefined reference to `mysql_errno'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
[mtd@mutiandong mysql]#

gcc还是找不到头文件，下面我们可以这样,指定gcc专门找 mysqlclient 之类的库

 

//因为默认搜寻目录为 /lib和 /usr/lib以及动态库配置文件/etc/ld.so.conf内所列的目录下

//如果lib文件不是在系统默认 /usr/lib或者 /lib路径下，此处需要更改Linux下lib库信息，库信息保存在/etc/ld.so.cache里。

//然后在 /sbin里面运行 ./ldconfig更新配置
[root@localhost testmysql]# gcc -o insert insert.c -lmysqlclient -I/usr/include/mysql/ -L/usrlib/mysql

我用 -lmysqlclient 选项就可以了。

ok,现在我们执行看看
[mtd@mutiandong mysql]# ./insert
Connection Success
Inserted 1 rows


呵呵，真的成功了！
不信到mysql下看看表children中是否多了刚才插入的那一行数据

mysql> select * from children;
+---------+-------+------+
| childno | fname | age |
+---------+-------+------+
|       1 | jhon |   10 |
|      11 | Anny |    5 |
+---------+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)