Linux初步学习 （六）

软件包管理@yum

========

最初就是由于安装新版本python导致了yum不可用才进一步的导致了RHEL的崩溃，才有机会了解CentOS的。所以yum软件包管理器从一开始就给了我很深的印象。

#  yum list

列举资源库中所有可以安装或者更新的RPM包，这个操作可能会在开始的时候由于更新信息而消耗一些时间。

实际操作中，由于这个列表相当的庞大，所以一般都将输出重定向到一个文件中。

例如： # yum list  >yumlist.txt        这样，就可以通过查看yumlist.txt这个文件来随时寻找可用的软件。

为了演示yum安装，首先删除系统上已经安装的chrome

# yum remove google*   (chrome 的完整名称应该是google-chrome-stable ,这里使用通配符简化输入，表示删除所有google开头的包。 )

确认后，过一会儿删除完成。

# yum install google*  (这时候会出现一些问题，这是由于chrome会有多个版本，yum不能直接自己决定安装什么。)

# yum install google-chrome-stable  （输入完整的软件包名称，确认后安装开始）

安装显示如下

[root@localhost 桌面]# yum install google-chrome-stable
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package google-chrome-stable.x86_64 0:17.0.963.78-125577 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package                 Arch      Version               Repository        Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 google-chrome-stable    x86_64    17.0.963.78-125577    google-chrome     33 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 33 M
Installed size: 97 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
google-chrome-stable-17.0.963.78-125577.x86_64.rpm       |  33 MB     05:09     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : google-chrome-stable-17.0.963.78-125577.x86_64               1/1 

Installed:
  google-chrome-stable.x86_64 0:17.0.963.78-125577                              

Complete!

其他的软件也可以照此办理。

CentOS本身的软件相当齐全，使用yum尝试了很多软件结果都是显示已经安装完成。

不过我们还是可以利用yum来更新已经安装的软件包

我们可以使用# yum check-update 命令来查看哪些软件包可以更新。

例如使用yum来更新php

# yum update php

[root@localhost 桌面]# yum update php
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_1.3 will be updated
---> Package php.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_2.6 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: php-cli = 5.3.3-3.el6_2.6 for package: php-5.3.3-3.el6_2.6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: php-common = 5.3.3-3.el6_2.6 for package: php-5.3.3-3.el6_2.6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_1.3 will be updated
---> Package php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_2.6 will be an update
---> Package php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_1.3 will be updated
---> Package php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_2.6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package           Arch          Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Updating:
 php               x86_64        5.3.3-3.el6_2.6           updates        1.1 M
Updating for dependencies:
 php-cli           x86_64        5.3.3-3.el6_2.6           updates        2.2 M
 php-common        x86_64        5.3.3-3.el6_2.6           updates        522 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade       3 Package(s)

Total download size: 3.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): php-5.3.3-3.el6_2.6.x86_64.rpm                    | 1.1 MB     00:03     
(2/3): php-cli-5.3.3-3.el6_2.6.x86_64.rpm                | 2.2 MB     00:11     
(3/3): php-common-5.3.3-3.el6_2.6.x86_64.rpm             | 522 kB     00:04     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           197 kB/s | 3.8 MB     00:19     
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
 Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org>
 Package: centos-release-6-2.el6.centos.7.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201112091719.x86_64/6.2)
 From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Updating   : php-common-5.3.3-3.el6_2.6.x86_64                            1/6 
  Updating   : php-cli-5.3.3-3.el6_2.6.x86_64                               2/6 
  Updating   : php-5.3.3-3.el6_2.6.x86_64                                   3/6 
  Cleanup    : php-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64                                   4/6 
  Cleanup    : php-cli-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64                               5/6 
  Cleanup    : php-common-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64                            6/6 

Updated:
  php.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_2.6                                                  

Dependency Updated:
  php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_2.6      php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-3.el6_2.6     

Complete!

可以看出这里面yum直接找到了php的依赖项并同时更新了这些依赖项，这就是yum的优点，它可以智能的安装软件包的依赖项而不用一个个手动的来添加。