静态路由实验报告

一、实验拓扑

 二、实验要求
1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分；
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内；
3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；
4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路；
5.R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M；
三、步骤
（1）划分网段：
网段基于192.168.1.0/24 需要五个网段 

192.168.1.0000 0000---192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1.0000 0100---192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.0000 1000---192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.0000 1100---192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.0001 0000---192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.0001 0100---192.168.1.20/30
192.168.1.0001 1000---192.168.1.24/30
192.168.1.0001 1100---192.168.1.28

2、192.168.1.0010 0000/27  R1的环回接口 
L0:192.168.1.0010 0000/28
L1:192.168.1.0011 0000/28

3、192.168.1.0100 0000/27  R2的环回接口  
L0:192.168.1.0100 0000/28
L1:192.168.1.0101 0000/28
4、192.168.1.0110 0000/27  R3的环回接口
L0:192.168.1.0110 0000/28
L1:192.168.1.0111 0000/28
5、192.168.1.1000 0000/27  R4的环回接口
L0:192.168.1.1000 0000/28
L1:192.168.1.1001 0000/28

2、编写除了到达5.5.5.0/24之外，到达其他网段的静态路由

3、配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.0/24互通，至此实现全网通，并测试

4、防环，做黑洞路由配置

5、做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现

6测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据能否走100Mb/s.

四、实验步骤

1、配置IP地址

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]int L0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int L1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]int L0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int L1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]int L0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]int L1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28

[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]quit
[R4]int L0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int L1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

 

[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int L0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

2.配置路由，除5.5.5.0/24外，实现其他网段可达
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

3.配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.5/24

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

测试：

4.防环，做黑洞路由配置

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

5.做备份

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
 

测试：