HDU2121 Ice_cream’s world II 最小树形图

Problem Description

After awarded lands to ACMers, the queen want to choose a city be her capital. This is an important event in ice_cream world, and it also a very difficult problem, because the world have N cities and M roads, every road was directed. Wiskey is a chief engineer in ice_cream world. The queen asked Wiskey must find a suitable location to establish the capital, beautify the roads which let capital can visit each city and the project’s cost as less as better. If Wiskey can’t fulfill the queen’s require, he will be punishing.

 

Input

Every case have two integers N and M (N<=1000, M<=10000), the cities numbered 0…N-1, following M lines, each line contain three integers S, T and C, meaning from S to T have a road will cost C.

 

Output

If no location satisfy the queen’s require, you must be output “impossible”, otherwise, print the minimum cost in this project and suitable city’s number. May be exist many suitable cities, choose the minimum number city. After every case print one blank.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   3 1
0 1 1

4 4
0 1 10
0 2 10
1 3 20
2 3 30
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   impossible

40 0
  
  

 考察最小树形图： http://blog.csdn.net/no_retreats/article/details/7860507

代码：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#define MAXN 1005
#define INF 0x7f7f7f7f
typedef __int64 type;
struct node//边的权和顶点
{
    int u, v;
    type w;
}edge[MAXN * MAXN];
int pre[MAXN], id[MAXN], vis[MAXN], n, m, pos;
type in[MAXN];//存最小入边权,pre[v]为该边的起点
type Directed_MST(int root, int V, int E)
{
    type ret = 0;//存最小树形图总权值
    while(true)
    {
		int i;
		//1.找每个节点的最小入边
        for( i = 0; i < V; i++)
            in[i] = INF;//初始化为无穷大
        for( i = 0; i < E; i++)//遍历每条边
        {
            int u = edge[i].u;
            int v = edge[i].v;
            if(edge[i].w < in[v] && u != v)//说明顶点v有条权值较小的入边  记录之
            {
                pre[v] = u;//节点u指向v
                in[v] = edge[i].w;//最小入边
                if(u == root)//这个点就是实际的起点
					pos = i;
            }
        }
        for( i = 0; i < V; i++)//判断是否存在最小树形图
        {
            if(i == root)
				continue;
            if(in[i] == INF) 
				return -1;//除了根以外有点没有入边,则根无法到达它  说明它是独立的点 一定不能构成树形图
        }
        //2.找环
        int cnt = 0;//记录环数
        memset(id, -1, sizeof(id));
        memset(vis, -1, sizeof(vis));
        in[root] = 0;
        for( i = 0; i < V; i++) //标记每个环
        {
            ret += in[i];//记录权值
            int v = i;
            while(vis[v] != i && id[v] == -1 && v != root)
            {
                vis[v] = i;
                v = pre[v];
            }
            if(v != root && id[v] == -1)
            {
                for(int u = pre[v]; u != v; u = pre[u])
                    id[u] = cnt;//标记节点u为第几个环
                id[v] = cnt++;
            }
        }
        if(cnt == 0)
			break; //无环   则break
        for( i = 0; i < V; i++)
            if(id[i] == -1)
				id[i] = cnt++;
			//3.建立新图   缩点,重新标记 
			for( i = 0; i < E; i++)
			{
				int u = edge[i].u;
				int v = edge[i].v;
				edge[i].u = id[u];
				edge[i].v = id[v];
				if(id[u] != id[v])
					edge[i].w -= in[v];
			}
			V = cnt;
			root = id[root];
    }
    return ret;
}
int main()
{
	int i;
    while(scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) != EOF)
    {
        type sum = 0;
        for( i = 0; i < m; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d%d%I64d", &edge[i].u, &edge[i].v, &edge[i].w);
            edge[i].u++; edge[i].v++;
            sum += edge[i].w;
        }
      sum ++;
        for( i = m; i < m + n; i++)//增加超级节点0,节点0到其余各个节点的边权相同（此题中 边权要大于原图的总边权值）
        {
            edge[i].u = 0;
            edge[i].v = i - m + 1;
            edge[i].w = sum;
        }
        type ans = Directed_MST(0, n + 1, m + n);
        //n+1为总结点数,m+n为总边数
		//ans代表以超级节点0为根的最小树形图的总权值,
		//将ans减去sum,如果差值小于sum,说明节点0的出度只有1,说明原图是连通图
		//如果差值>=sum,那么说明节点0的出度不止为1,说明原图不是连通图
        if(ans == -1 || ans - sum >= sum)
			puts("impossible");
        else
			printf("%I64d %d\n",ans - sum, pos - m);
        puts("");
    }
    return 0;
}