python：装饰器

装饰器(Decorators)是Python的一个重要部分。 简单地说： 他们是修改其他函数的功能的函数。
他们有助于让我们的代码更简短， 也更Pythonic（ Python范儿）

def a_new_decorator(a_func):
    def wrapTheFunction():
    print("I am doing some boring work before executing a_func()"
    a_func()
    print("I am doing some boring work after executing a_func()")
  return wrapTheFunction



def a_function_requiring_decoration():
    print("I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul sme")
a_function_requiring_decoration()
#outputs: I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul sme



a_function_requiring_decoration = a_new_decorator(a_function_requiring_decoration)
#now a_function_requiring_decoration is wrapped by wrapTheFunction()
a_function_requiring_decoration()
#outputs:
I am doing some boring work before executing a_func()
I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell
I am doing some boring work after executing a_func()

用更简洁的方式实现上面类似的修饰器：

from functools import wraps
def logits(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def with_logging(*args, ** kwargs):
            print(func.__name__ + "was called")
            return func(* args, **kwargs)
    return with_logging

@logits
def addition_func(x):
    """Do some math."""
    return x + x
result = addition_func(4)


输出：
addition_funcwas called

• 带参数的装饰器： 当你使用@my_decorator语法时， 你是在应用一个以单个函数作为参数的一个包
  裹函数。 记住， Python里每个东西都是一个对象， 而且这包括函数！

#在函数中嵌入装饰器
def logits(logfile='out.log'):
    def logging_decorator(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapped_function(*args,**kwargs):
            log_string = func.__name__ + "was called"
            print(log_string)
            #打开logfile并写入内容
            with open(logfile,'a') as opened_file:
                opened_file.write(log_string +'\n')
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapped_function
    return logging_decorator

@logits()  #装饰器函数
def myfunc1():
    pass
myfunc1()

输出：myfunc2was called

装饰器类：

#装饰器类
class logit(object):
    def __init__(self, logfile='out.log'):
        self.logfile = logfile
    def __call__(self, func):
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapped_function(*args, **kwargs):
            log_string = func.__name__ + "was called"
            print(log_string)
            with open(self.logfile , "a") as opened_file:
                opened_file.write(log_string + ' \n')
            #发送一个通知
            self.notify()
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapped_function

    def notify(self):
        print("notified")

@logit()
def myfunc1():
    pass
class email_logit(logit):
    def __init__(self, email="admin@myproject.com", *args, ** kwargs):
        self.email = email
        super(email_logit,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)

    def notify(self):
        #发送一个email到self.mail
        print("send a email......")
"""
@email_logit将会和@logit产生同样的效果， 但是在打日志的基础上， 还会多
发送一封邮件给管理员。
"""

myfunc1()
输出：
myfunc1was called
notified

@email_logit()
def my_func():
    pass
my_func()

输出：
my_funcwas called
send a email......