六、积分学
1.常用的积分公式
∫ x k d x = 1 k + 1 x k + 1 + C , k ≠ − 1 \int x^kdx=\frac{1}{k+1} x^{k+1}+C,k\ne -1 ∫xkdx=k+11xk+1+C,k=−1
∫ 1 x d x = l n ∣ x ∣ + C \int \frac{1}{x} dx=ln\mid x\mid +C ∫x1dx=ln∣x∣+C
∫ e x d x = e x + C \int e^x dx=e^x +C ∫exdx=ex+C
∫ a x d x = a x l n a + C , a > 0 , a ≠ 1 \int a^x dx=\frac{a^x}{lna} +C,a>0,a\ne 1 ∫axdx=lnaax+C,a>0,a=1
∫ s i n x d x = − c o s x + C \int sinx dx=-cosx +C ∫sinxdx=−cosx+C
∫ c o s x d x = s i n x + C \int cosx dx=sinx +C ∫cosxdx=sinx+C
∫ t a n x d x = − l n ∣ c o s x ∣ + C \int tanx dx=-ln\mid cosx \mid +C ∫tanxdx=−ln∣cosx∣+C
∫ c o t x d x = l n ∣ s i n x ∣ + C \int cotx dx=ln\mid sinx \mid +C ∫cotxdx=ln∣sinx∣+C
∫ s e c x d x = ∫ d x c o s x = l n ∣ s e c x + t a n x ∣ + C \int secxdx=\int \frac{dx}{cosx}=ln\mid secx+tanx \mid +C ∫secxdx=∫cosxdx=ln∣secx+tanx∣+C
∫ c s c x d x = ∫ d x s i n x = l n ∣ c s c x − c o t x ∣ + C \int cscxdx=\int \frac{dx}{sinx}=ln\mid cscx-cotx \mid +C ∫cscxdx=∫sinxdx=ln∣cscx−cotx∣+C
∫ s e c 2 x d x = t a n x + C \int sec^2xdx=tanx +C ∫sec2xdx=tanx+C
∫ c s c 2 x d x = − c o t x + C \int csc^2xdx=-cotx +C ∫csc2xdx=−cotx+C
∫ s e c x t a n x d x = s e c x + C \int secx tanxdx=secx +C ∫secxtanxdx=secx+C
∫ c s c x c o t x d x = − c s c x + C \int cscx cotxdx=-cscx +C ∫cscxcotxdx=−cscx+C
∫ c s c x c o t x d x = − c s c x + C \int cscx cotxdx=-cscx +C ∫cscxcotxdx=−cscx+C
∫ 1 1 + x 2 d x = a r c t a n x + C \int \frac{1}{1+x^2} dx=arctanx +C ∫1+x21dx=arctanx+C
∫ 1 a 2 + x 2 d x = 1 a a r c t a n x a + C \int\frac{1}{a^2+x^2}dx=\frac{1}{a} arctan\frac{x}{a}+C ∫a2+x21dx=a1arctanax+C
∫ 1 1 − x 2 d x = a r c s i n x + C \int\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2} }dx=arcsinx+C ∫1−x21dx=arcsinx+C
∫ 1 a 2 − x 2 d x = a r c s i n x a + C \int\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2} }dx=arcsin\frac{x}{a} +C ∫a2−x21dx=arcsinax+C
∫ 1 x 2 + a 2 d x = l n ( x + x 2 + a 2 ) + C \int\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+a^2} }dx=ln(x+\sqrt{x^2+a^2} ) +C ∫x2+a21dx=ln(x+x2+a2)+C
∫ 1 x 2 − a 2 d x = l n ∣ x + x 2 − a 2 ∣ + C \int\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-a^2} }dx=ln\mid x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2}\mid +C ∫x2−a21dx=ln∣x+x2−a2∣+C
∫ 1 x 2 − a 2 d x = 1 2 a l n ∣ x − a x + a ∣ + C \int\frac{1}{x^2-a^2}dx=\frac{1}{2a}ln\mid \frac{x-a}{x+a}\mid+C ∫x2−a21dx=2a1ln∣x+ax−a∣+C
∫ 1 ( x + 1 ) 2 d x = x 2 ( 1 + x 2 ) − 1 2 a r c t a n x + C \int\frac{1}{(x+1)^2}dx=\frac{x}{2(1+x^2)}-\frac{1}{2}arctanx+C ∫(x+1)21dx=2(1+x2)x−21arctanx+C
∫ 1 a 2 − x 2 d x = 1 2 a l n ∣ x + a x − a ∣ + C \int\frac{1}{a^2-x^2}dx=\frac{1}{2a}ln\mid \frac{x+a}{x-a}\mid+C ∫a2−x21dx=2a1ln∣x−ax+a∣+C
∫ a 2 − x 2 d x = a 2 2 a r c s i n x a + x 2 a 2 − x 2 + C \int \sqrt{a^2-x^2} dx=\frac{a^2}{2}arcsin\frac{x}{a}+\frac{x}{2} \sqrt{a^2-x^2} +C ∫a2−x2dx=2a2arcsinax+2xa2−x2+C
∫ s i n 2 x d x = x 2 − s i n 2 x 4 + C \int sin^2x dx=\frac{x}{2}-\frac{sin2x}{4}+C ∫sin2xdx=2x−4sin2x+C
∫ c o s 2 x d x = x 2 + s i n 2 x 4 + C \int cos^2x dx=\frac{x}{2}+\frac{sin2x}{4}+C ∫cos2x