opencv学习之图像阈值化

    为了从一副图像中提取出我们需要的部分，应该用图像中的每一个像素点的灰度值与选取的阈值进行比较，并作出相应的判断。（注意：阈值的选取依赖于具体的问题。即：物体在不同的图像中有可能会有不同的灰度值。一旦找到了需要分割的物体的像素点，我们可以对这些像素点设定一些特定的值来表示。（例如：可以将该物体的像素点的灰度值设定为：‘0’（黑色）,其他的像素点的灰度值为：‘255’（白色）；当然像素点的灰度值可以任意，但最好设定的两种颜色对比度较强，方便观察结果）。

代码：

#include"stdafx.h"
#include <opencv2/core/utility.hpp>
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include"opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

//		描述：全局变量声明
//定义原始图，目标图，灰度图，掩码图
Mat image, g_srcImage, g_dstImage, g_grayImage, g_maskImage, tempImage;
int g_nThresholdValue = 100;
int g_nThresholdType = 3;

void ShowHelpText();
void on_Threshold(int, void*);

//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//		描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
	//改变console字体颜色
	system("color 4F");

	//载入原图
	image = imread("E:\\pictures\\For_Project\\New_opencv\\f19.jpg",1);
	if (!image.data) { printf("Oh，no，读取srcImage错误~！ \n"); return false; }

	//显示原始图
	namedWindow("【原始图】");
	imshow("【原始图】", image);
	//定义操作后保存结果图

	g_srcImage = image.clone();
	//复制原图到临时变量
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_RGB2GRAY);

	namedWindow("【效果窗口】", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	//创建滑动条
	createTrackbar("模式", "【效果窗口】", &g_nThresholdType, 4, on_Threshold);
	createTrackbar("参数值", "【效果窗口】", &g_nThresholdValue, 255, on_Threshold);

	on_Threshold(0, 0);

	//等待键盘按键‘q’退出  
	while (char(waitKey(1)) != 'q') {}
	return 0;
}

void on_Threshold(int, void*) {
	//调用阈值函数
	threshold(g_grayImage, g_dstImage, g_nThresholdValue, 255, g_nThresholdType);

	imshow("【效果窗口】", g_dstImage);
}

效果图：

自适应阈值化操作示例：

#include"stdafx.h"
#include <opencv2/core/utility.hpp>
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include"opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

//		描述：全局变量声明
//定义原始图，目标图，灰度图，掩码图
Mat image, g_srcImage, g_dstImage, g_grayImage, g_maskImage, tempImage;
int g_nThresholdValue = 100;
int g_nThresholdType1 = 0;
int g_nThresholdType2 = 0;

void ShowHelpText();
void on_Threshold(int, void*);

//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//		描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
	//改变console字体颜色
	system("color 4F");

	ShowHelpText();

	//载入原图
	image = imread("E:\\pictures\\For_Project\\New_opencv\\f19.jpg",1);
	if (!image.data) { printf("Oh，no，读取srcImage错误~！ \n"); return false; }

	//显示原始图
	namedWindow("【原始图】");
	imshow("【原始图】", image);
	//定义操作后保存结果图

	g_srcImage = image.clone();
	//复制原图到临时变量
	
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
	
	namedWindow("【效果窗口】", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	//创建滑动条
	//createTrackbar("模式", "【效果窗口】", &g_nThresholdType, 4, on_Threshold);
	createTrackbar("参数值", "【效果窗口】", &g_nThresholdValue, 255, on_Threshold);

	while (1) {
		int c = waitKey(0);

		switch ((char)c) {
			case 'q':
				cout << "按键q按下，程序退出" << endl;
				return 0;
				break;
			case '1':
				g_nThresholdType1 = ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, g_nThresholdType2 = THRESH_BINARY;
				break;
			case '2':
				g_nThresholdType1 = ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, g_nThresholdType2 = THRESH_BINARY;
				break;
			case '3':
				g_nThresholdType1 = ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, g_nThresholdType2 = THRESH_BINARY_INV;
				break;
			case '4':
				g_nThresholdType1 = ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, g_nThresholdType2 = THRESH_BINARY_INV;
				break;
			default:
				cout << "按键错误" << endl;
				break;
		}
		on_Threshold(0, 0);
	}
	
	

	//等待键盘按键‘q’退出  
	while (char(waitKey(1)) != 'q') {}
	return 0;
}

void on_Threshold(int, void*) {
	//调用阈值函数
	//threshold(g_grayImage, g_dstImage, g_nThresholdValue, 255, g_nThresholdType);

	adaptiveThreshold(g_grayImage, g_dstImage, g_nThresholdValue, g_nThresholdType1, g_nThresholdType2, 3, 3);

	imshow("【效果窗口】", g_dstImage);
}

void ShowHelpText() {
	cout << "按键q退出程序" << endl;
	cout << "按键1，ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C，THRESH_BINARY" << endl;
	cout << "按键2，ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C，THRESH_BINARY" << endl;
	cout << "按键3，ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C，THRESH_BINARY_INV" << endl;
	cout << "按键4，ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C，THRESH_BINARY_INV" << endl;
}

效果：