i.MX 6ULL 驱动开发 二十八:网络设备

一、网络设备的系统框图

在这里插入图片描述
MAC:工作在网络模型的数据链路层,通过 RGMIIRMII 接口连接 PHYMAC 控制器中的 MDIO 控制器提供 MDIO 接口,用于访问 PHY 寄存器

PHY:工作在网络模型的物理层,是 IEEE802.3 规定的一个标准模块。IEEE802.3 规定了 地址 0~1516 个通用寄存器,只要配置好这些通用寄存器就能保证 PHY 芯片正常工作。16~31 地址的寄存器有厂家自行定义

二、以太网MII接口

扫盲-以太网MII接口类型大全-MII、RMII、SMII、GMII、RGMII、SGMII、XGMII、XAUI、RXAUI_heat.huang的博客-CSDN博客_rmii接口中的参考时钟频率

三、RJ45 接口

网络RJ45接口详解_迎客松88的博客-CSDN博客_rj45接口定义

四、PHY 芯片

1、PHY 基础知识

PHYIEEE 802.3 规定的一个标准模块。SOC 可以对 PHY 进行配置或者读取 PHY 相关状态,这个就需要 PHY 内部寄存器去实现了。 PHY 芯片寄存器地址空间为 5 位,地址 0~3132 个寄存器, IEEE 定义了 0~1516 个寄存器的功能, 16~3116 个寄存器由厂商自行实现。 也就是说不管你用的哪个厂家的 PHY 芯片,其中 0~1516 个寄存器是一模一样的。仅靠这 16 个寄存器是完全可以驱动起 PHY 芯片的,至少能保证基本的网络数据通信,因此 Linux 内核有通用 PHY 驱动,按道理来讲,不管你使用的哪个厂家的 PHY 芯片,都可以使用 Linux 的这个通用 PHY 驱动来验证网络工作是否正常。

事实上在实际开发中可能会遇到一些其他的问题导致 Linux 内核的通用 PHY 驱动工作不正常,这个时候就需要驱动开发人员去调
试了。

2、PHY 芯片寄存器相关说明

phy基础知识总结 common register总结_hello-Will的博客-CSDN博客

五、LAN8720A

详细信息参考 LAN8720A 官方手册。

六、Linux 网络驱动框架

1、网络设备

/**
 *	struct net_device - The DEVICE structure.
 *		Actually, this whole structure is a big mistake.  It mixes I/O
 *		data with strictly "high-level" data, and it has to know about
 *		almost every data structure used in the INET module.
 *
 *	@name:	This is the first field of the "visible" part of this structure
 *		(i.e. as seen by users in the "Space.c" file).  It is the name
 *	 	of the interface.
 *
 *	@name_hlist: 	Device name hash chain, please keep it close to name[]
 *	@ifalias:	SNMP alias
 *	@mem_end:	Shared memory end
 *	@mem_start:	Shared memory start
 *	@base_addr:	Device I/O address
 *	@irq:		Device IRQ number
 *
 *	@carrier_changes:	Stats to monitor carrier on<->off transitions
 *
 *	@state:		Generic network queuing layer state, see netdev_state_t
 *	@dev_list:	The global list of network devices
 *	@napi_list:	List entry, that is used for polling napi devices
 *	@unreg_list:	List entry, that is used, when we are unregistering the
 *			device, see the function unregister_netdev
 *	@close_list:	List entry, that is used, when we are closing the device
 *
 *	@adj_list:	Directly linked devices, like slaves for bonding
 *	@all_adj_list:	All linked devices, *including* neighbours
 *	@features:	Currently active device features
 *	@hw_features:	User-changeable features
 *
 *	@wanted_features:	User-requested features
 *	@vlan_features:		Mask of features inheritable by VLAN devices
 *
 *	@hw_enc_features:	Mask of features inherited by encapsulating devices
 *				This field indicates what encapsulation
 *				offloads the hardware is capable of doing,
 *				and drivers will need to set them appropriately.
 *
 *	@mpls_features:	Mask of features inheritable by MPLS
 *
 *	@ifindex:	interface index
 *	@group:		The group, that the device belongs to
 *
 *	@stats:		Statistics struct, which was left as a legacy, use
 *			rtnl_link_stats64 instead
 *
 *	@rx_dropped:	Dropped packets by core network,
 *			do not use this in drivers
 *	@tx_dropped:	Dropped packets by core network,
 *			do not use this in drivers
 *
 *	@wireless_handlers:	List of functions to handle Wireless Extensions,
 *				instead of ioctl,
 *				see <net/iw_handler.h> for details.
 *	@wireless_data:	Instance data managed by the core of wireless extensions
 *
 *	@netdev_ops:	Includes several pointers to callbacks,
 *			if one wants to override the ndo_*() functions
 *	@ethtool_ops:	Management operations
 *	@header_ops:	Includes callbacks for creating,parsing,caching,etc
 *			of Layer 2 headers.
 *
 *	@flags:		Interface flags (a la BSD)
 *	@priv_flags:	Like 'flags' but invisible to userspace,
 *			see if.h for the definitions
 *	@gflags:	Global flags ( kept as legacy )
 *	@padded:	How much padding added by alloc_netdev()
 *	@operstate:	RFC2863 operstate
 *	@link_mode:	Mapping policy to operstate
 *	@if_port:	Selectable AUI, TP, ...
 *	@dma:		DMA channel
 *	@mtu:		Interface MTU value
 *	@type:		Interface hardware type
 *	@hard_header_len: Hardware header length
 *
 *	@needed_headroom: Extra headroom the hardware may need, but not in all
 *			  cases can this be guaranteed
 *	@needed_tailroom: Extra tailroom the hardware may need, but not in all
 *			  cases can this be guaranteed. Some cases also use
 *			  LL_MAX_HEADER instead to allocate the skb
 *
 *	interface address info:
 *
 * 	@perm_addr:		Permanent hw address
 * 	@addr_assign_type:	Hw address assignment type
 * 	@addr_len:		Hardware address length
 * 	@neigh_priv_len;	Used in neigh_alloc(),
 * 				initialized only in atm/clip.c
 * 	@dev_id:		Used to differentiate devices that share
 * 				the same link layer address
 * 	@dev_port:		Used to differentiate devices that share
 * 				the same function
 *	@addr_list_lock:	XXX: need comments on this one
 *	@uc_promisc:		Counter, that indicates, that promiscuous mode
 *				has been enabled due to the need to listen to
 *				additional unicast addresses in a device that
 *				does not implement ndo_set_rx_mode()
 *	@uc:			unicast mac addresses
 *	@mc:			multicast mac addresses
 *	@dev_addrs:		list of device hw addresses
 *	@queues_kset:		Group of all Kobjects in the Tx and RX queues
 *	@promiscuity:		Number of times, the NIC is told to work in
 *				Promiscuous mode, if it becomes 0 the NIC will
 *				exit from working in Promiscuous mode
 *	@allmulti:		Counter, enables or disables allmulticast mode
 *
 *	@vlan_info:	VLAN info
 *	@dsa_ptr:	dsa specific data
 *	@tipc_ptr:	TIPC specific data
 *	@atalk_ptr:	AppleTalk link
 *	@ip_ptr:	IPv4 specific data
 *	@dn_ptr:	DECnet specific data
 *	@ip6_ptr:	IPv6 specific data
 *	@ax25_ptr:	AX.25 specific data
 *	@ieee80211_ptr:	IEEE 802.11 specific data, assign before registering
 *
 *	@last_rx:	Time of last Rx
 *	@dev_addr:	Hw address (before bcast,
 *			because most packets are unicast)
 *
 *	@_rx:			Array of RX queues
 *	@num_rx_queues:		Number of RX queues
 *				allocated at register_netdev() time
 *	@real_num_rx_queues: 	Number of RX queues currently active in device
 *
 *	@rx_handler:		handler for received packets
 *	@rx_handler_data: 	XXX: need comments on this one
 *	@ingress_queue:		XXX: need comments on this one
 *	@broadcast:		hw bcast address
 *
 *	@rx_cpu_rmap:	CPU reverse-mapping for RX completion interrupts,
 *			indexed by RX queue number. Assigned by driver.
 *			This must only be set if the ndo_rx_flow_steer
 *			operation is defined
 *	@index_hlist:		Device index hash chain
 *
 *	@_tx:			Array of TX queues
 *	@num_tx_queues:		Number of TX queues allocated at alloc_netdev_mq() time
 *	@real_num_tx_queues: 	Number of TX queues currently active in device
 *	@qdisc:			Root qdisc from userspace point of view
 *	@tx_queue_len:		Max frames per queue allowed
 *	@tx_global_lock: 	XXX: need comments on this one
 *
 *	@xps_maps:	XXX: need comments on this one
 *
 *	@trans_start:		Time (in jiffies) of last Tx
 *	@watchdog_timeo:	Represents the timeout that is used by
 *				the watchdog ( see dev_watchdog() )
 *	@watchdog_timer:	List of timers
 *
 *	@pcpu_refcnt:		Number of references to this device
 *	@todo_list:		Delayed register/unregister
 *	@link_watch_list:	XXX: need comments on this one
 *
 *	@reg_state:		Register/unregister state machine
 *	@dismantle:		Device is going to be freed
 *	@rtnl_link_state:	This enum represents the phases of creating
 *				a new link
 *
 *	@destructor:		Called from unregister,
 *				can be used to call free_netdev
 *	@npinfo:		XXX: need comments on this one
 * 	@nd_net:		Network namespace this network device is inside
 *
 * 	@ml_priv:	Mid-layer private
 * 	@lstats:	Loopback statistics
 * 	@tstats:	Tunnel statistics
 * 	@dstats:	Dummy statistics
 * 	@vstats:	Virtual ethernet statistics
 *
 *	@garp_port:	GARP
 *	@mrp_port:	MRP
 *
 *	@dev:		Class/net/name entry
 *	@sysfs_groups:	Space for optional device, statistics and wireless
 *			sysfs groups
 *
 *	@sysfs_rx_queue_group:	Space for optional per-rx queue attributes
 *	@rtnl_link_ops:	Rtnl_link_ops
 *
 *	@gso_max_size:	Maximum size of generic segmentation offload
 *	@gso_max_segs:	Maximum number of segments that can be passed to the
 *			NIC for GSO
 *	@gso_min_segs:	Minimum number of segments that can be passed to the
 *			NIC for GSO
 *
 *	@dcbnl_ops:	Data Center Bridging netlink ops
 *	@num_tc:	Number of traffic classes in the net device
 *	@tc_to_txq:	XXX: need comments on this one
 *	@prio_tc_map	XXX: need comments on this one
 *
 *	@fcoe_ddp_xid:	Max exchange id for FCoE LRO by ddp
 *
 *	@priomap:	XXX: need comments on this one
 *	@phydev:	Physical device may attach itself
 *			for hardware timestamping
 *
 *	@qdisc_tx_busylock:	XXX: need comments on this one
 *
 *	FIXME: cleanup struct net_device such that network protocol info
 *	moves out.
 */

struct net_device {
	char			name[IFNAMSIZ];
	struct hlist_node	name_hlist;
	char 			*ifalias;
	/*
	 *	I/O specific fields
	 *	FIXME: Merge these and struct ifmap into one
	 */
	unsigned long		mem_end;
	unsigned long		mem_start;
	unsigned long		base_addr;
	int			irq;

	atomic_t		carrier_changes;

	/*
	 *	Some hardware also needs these fields (state,dev_list,
	 *	napi_list,unreg_list,close_list) but they are not
	 *	part of the usual set specified in Space.c.
	 */

	unsigned long		state;

	struct list_head	dev_list;
	struct list_head	napi_list;
	struct list_head	unreg_list;
	struct list_head	close_list;
	struct list_head	ptype_all;
	struct list_head	ptype_specific;

	struct {
		struct list_head upper;
		struct list_head lower;
	} adj_list;

	struct {
		struct list_head upper;
		struct list_head lower;
	} all_adj_list;

	netdev_features_t	features;
	netdev_features_t	hw_features;
	netdev_features_t	wanted_features;
	netdev_features_t	vlan_features;
	netdev_features_t	hw_enc_features;
	netdev_features_t	mpls_features;

	int			ifindex;
	int			group;

	struct net_device_stats	stats;

	atomic_long_t		rx_dropped;
	atomic_long_t		tx_dropped;

#ifdef CONFIG_WIRELESS_EXT
	const struct iw_handler_def *	wireless_handlers;
	struct iw_public_data *	wireless_data;
#endif
	const struct net_device_ops *netdev_ops;
	const struct ethtool_ops *ethtool_ops;
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_SWITCHDEV
	const struct swdev_ops *swdev_ops;
#endif

	const struct header_ops *header_ops;

	unsigned int		flags;
	unsigned int		priv_flags;

	unsigned short		gflags;
	unsigned short		padded;

	unsigned char		operstate;
	unsigned char		link_mode;

	unsigned char		if_port;
	unsigned char		dma;

	unsigned int		mtu;
	unsigned short		type;
	unsigned short		hard_header_len;

	unsigned short		needed_headroom;
	unsigned short		needed_tailroom;

	/* Interface address info. */
	unsigned char		perm_addr[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
	unsigned char		addr_assign_type;
	unsigned char		addr_len;
	unsigned short		neigh_priv_len;
	unsigned short          dev_id;
	unsigned short          dev_port;
	spinlock_t		addr_list_lock;
	unsigned char		name_assign_type;
	bool			uc_promisc;
	struct netdev_hw_addr_list	uc;
	struct netdev_hw_addr_list	mc;
	struct netdev_hw_addr_list	dev_addrs;

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
	struct kset		*queues_kset;
#endif
	unsigned int		promiscuity;
	unsigned int		allmulti;


	/* Protocol specific pointers */

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VLAN_8021Q)
	struct vlan_info __rcu	*vlan_info;
#endif
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NET_DSA)
	struct dsa_switch_tree	*dsa_ptr;
#endif
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TIPC)
	struct tipc_bearer __rcu *tipc_ptr;
#endif
	void 			*atalk_ptr;
	struct in_device __rcu	*ip_ptr;
	struct dn_dev __rcu     *dn_ptr;
	struct inet6_dev __rcu	*ip6_ptr;
	void			*ax25_ptr;
	struct wireless_dev	*ieee80211_ptr;
	struct wpan_dev		*ieee802154_ptr;
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MPLS_ROUTING)
	struct mpls_dev __rcu	*mpls_ptr;
#endif

/*
 * Cache lines mostly used on receive path (including eth_type_trans())
 */
	unsigned long		last_rx;

	/* Interface address info used in eth_type_trans() */
	unsigned char		*dev_addr;


#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
	struct netdev_rx_queue	*_rx;

	unsigned int		num_rx_queues;
	unsigned int		real_num_rx_queues;

#endif

	unsigned long		gro_flush_timeout;
	rx_handler_func_t __rcu	*rx_handler;
	void __rcu		*rx_handler_data;

	struct netdev_queue __rcu *ingress_queue;
	unsigned char		broadcast[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
#ifdef CONFIG_RFS_ACCEL
	struct cpu_rmap		*rx_cpu_rmap;
#endif
	struct hlist_node	index_hlist;

/*
 * Cache lines mostly used on transmit path
 */
	struct netdev_queue	*_tx ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
	unsigned int		num_tx_queues;
	unsigned int		real_num_tx_queues;
	struct Qdisc		*qdisc;
	unsigned long		tx_queue_len;
	spinlock_t		tx_global_lock;
	int			watchdog_timeo;

#ifdef CONFIG_XPS
	struct xps_dev_maps __rcu *xps_maps;
#endif

	/* These may be needed for future network-power-down code. */

	/*
	 * trans_start here is expensive for high speed devices on SMP,
	 * please use netdev_queue->trans_start instead.
	 */
	unsigned long		trans_start;

	struct timer_list	watchdog_timer;

	int __percpu		*pcpu_refcnt;
	struct list_head	todo_list;

	struct list_head	link_watch_list;

	enum { NETREG_UNINITIALIZED=0,
	       NETREG_REGISTERED,	/* completed register_netdevice */
	       NETREG_UNREGISTERING,	/* called unregister_netdevice */
	       NETREG_UNREGISTERED,	/* completed unregister todo */
	       NETREG_RELEASED,		/* called free_netdev */
	       NETREG_DUMMY,		/* dummy device for NAPI poll */
	} reg_state:8;

	bool dismantle;

	enum {
		RTNL_LINK_INITIALIZED,
		RTNL_LINK_INITIALIZING,
	} rtnl_link_state:16;

	void (*destructor)(struct net_device *dev);

#ifdef CONFIG_NETPOLL
	struct netpoll_info __rcu	*npinfo;
#endif

	possible_net_t			nd_net;

	/* mid-layer private */
	union {
		void					*ml_priv;
		struct pcpu_lstats __percpu		*lstats;
		struct pcpu_sw_netstats __percpu	*tstats;
		struct pcpu_dstats __percpu		*dstats;
		struct pcpu_vstats __percpu		*vstats;
	};

	struct garp_port __rcu	*garp_port;
	struct mrp_port __rcu	*mrp_port;

	struct device	dev;
	const struct attribute_group *sysfs_groups[4];
	const struct attribute_group *sysfs_rx_queue_group;

	const struct rtnl_link_ops *rtnl_link_ops;

	/* for setting kernel sock attribute on TCP connection setup */
#define GSO_MAX_SIZE		65536
	unsigned int		gso_max_size;
#define GSO_MAX_SEGS		65535
	u16			gso_max_segs;
	u16			gso_min_segs;
#ifdef CONFIG_DCB
	const struct dcbnl_rtnl_ops *dcbnl_ops;
#endif
	u8 num_tc;
	struct netdev_tc_txq tc_to_txq[TC_MAX_QUEUE];
	u8 prio_tc_map[TC_BITMASK + 1];

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FCOE)
	unsigned int		fcoe_ddp_xid;
#endif
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_PRIO)
	struct netprio_map __rcu *priomap;
#endif
	struct phy_device *phydev;
	struct lock_class_key *qdisc_tx_busylock;
};

2、网络操作集

/*
 * This structure defines the management hooks for network devices.
 * The following hooks can be defined; unless noted otherwise, they are
 * optional and can be filled with a null pointer.
 *
 * int (*ndo_init)(struct net_device *dev);
 *     This function is called once when network device is registered.
 *     The network device can use this to any late stage initializaton
 *     or semantic validattion. It can fail with an error code which will
 *     be propogated back to register_netdev
 *
 * void (*ndo_uninit)(struct net_device *dev);
 *     This function is called when device is unregistered or when registration
 *     fails. It is not called if init fails.
 *
 * int (*ndo_open)(struct net_device *dev);
 *     This function is called when network device transistions to the up
 *     state.
 *
 * int (*ndo_stop)(struct net_device *dev);
 *     This function is called when network device transistions to the down
 *     state.
 *
 * netdev_tx_t (*ndo_start_xmit)(struct sk_buff *skb,
 *                               struct net_device *dev);
 *	Called when a packet needs to be transmitted.
 *	Returns NETDEV_TX_OK.  Can return NETDEV_TX_BUSY, but you should stop
 *	the queue before that can happen; it's for obsolete devices and weird
 *	corner cases, but the stack really does a non-trivial amount
 *	of useless work if you return NETDEV_TX_BUSY.
 *        (can also return NETDEV_TX_LOCKED iff NETIF_F_LLTX)
 *	Required can not be NULL.
 *
 * u16 (*ndo_select_queue)(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb,
 *                         void *accel_priv, select_queue_fallback_t fallback);
 *	Called to decide which queue to when device supports multiple
 *	transmit queues.
 *
 * void (*ndo_change_rx_flags)(struct net_device *dev, int flags);
 *	This function is called to allow device receiver to make
 *	changes to configuration when multicast or promiscious is enabled.
 *
 * void (*ndo_set_rx_mode)(struct net_device *dev);
 *	This function is called device changes address list filtering.
 *	If driver handles unicast address filtering, it should set
 *	IFF_UNICAST_FLT to its priv_flags.
 *
 * int (*ndo_set_mac_address)(struct net_device *dev, void *addr);
 *	This function  is called when the Media Access Control address
 *	needs to be changed. If this interface is not defined, the
 *	mac address can not be changed.
 *
 * int (*ndo_validate_addr)(struct net_device *dev);
 *	Test if Media Access Control address is valid for the device.
 *
 * int (*ndo_do_ioctl)(struct net_device *dev, struct ifreq *ifr, int cmd);
 *	Called when a user request an ioctl which can't be handled by
 *	the generic interface code. If not defined ioctl's return
 *	not supported error code.
 *
 * int (*ndo_set_config)(struct net_device *dev, struct ifmap *map);
 *	Used to set network devices bus interface parameters. This interface
 *	is retained for legacy reason, new devices should use the bus
 *	interface (PCI) for low level management.
 *
 * int (*ndo_change_mtu)(struct net_device *dev, int new_mtu);
 *	Called when a user wants to change the Maximum Transfer Unit
 *	of a device. If not defined, any request to change MTU will
 *	will return an error.
 *
 * void (*ndo_tx_timeout)(struct net_device *dev);
 *	Callback uses when the transmitter has not made any progress
 *	for dev->watchdog ticks.
 *
 * struct rtnl_link_stats64* (*ndo_get_stats64)(struct net_device *dev,
 *                      struct rtnl_link_stats64 *storage);
 * struct net_device_stats* (*ndo_get_stats)(struct net_device *dev);
 *	Called when a user wants to get the network device usage
 *	statistics. Drivers must do one of the following:
 *	1. Define @ndo_get_stats64 to fill in a zero-initialised
 *	   rtnl_link_stats64 structure passed by the caller.
 *	2. Define @ndo_get_stats to update a net_device_stats structure
 *	   (which should normally be dev->stats) and return a pointer to
 *	   it. The structure may be changed asynchronously only if each
 *	   field is written atomically.
 *	3. Update dev->stats asynchronously and atomically, and define
 *	   neither operation.
 *
 * int (*ndo_vlan_rx_add_vid)(struct net_device *dev, __be16 proto, u16 vid);
 *	If device support VLAN filtering this function is called when a
 *	VLAN id is registered.
 *
 * int (*ndo_vlan_rx_kill_vid)(struct net_device *dev, __be16 proto, u16 vid);
 *	If device support VLAN filtering this function is called when a
 *	VLAN id is unregistered.
 *
 * void (*ndo_poll_controller)(struct net_device *dev);
 *
 *	SR-IOV management functions.
 * int (*ndo_set_vf_mac)(struct net_device *dev, int vf, u8* mac);
 * int (*ndo_set_vf_vlan)(struct net_device *dev, int vf, u16 vlan, u8 qos);
 * int (*ndo_set_vf_rate)(struct net_device *dev, int vf, int min_tx_rate,
 *			  int max_tx_rate);
 * int (*ndo_set_vf_spoofchk)(struct net_device *dev, int vf, bool setting);
 * int (*ndo_get_vf_config)(struct net_device *dev,
 *			    int vf, struct ifla_vf_info *ivf);
 * int (*ndo_set_vf_link_state)(struct net_device *dev, int vf, int link_state);
 * int (*ndo_set_vf_port)(struct net_device *dev, int vf,
 *			  struct nlattr *port[]);
 *
 *      Enable or disable the VF ability to query its RSS Redirection Table and
 *      Hash Key. This is needed since on some devices VF share this information
 *      with PF and querying it may adduce a theoretical security risk.
 * int (*ndo_set_vf_rss_query_en)(struct net_device *dev, int vf, bool setting);
 * int (*ndo_get_vf_port)(struct net_device *dev, int vf, struct sk_buff *skb);
 * int (*ndo_setup_tc)(struct net_device *dev, u8 tc)
 * 	Called to setup 'tc' number of traffic classes in the net device. This
 * 	is always called from the stack with the rtnl lock held and netif tx
 * 	queues stopped. This allows the netdevice to perform queue management
 * 	safely.
 *
 *	Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) offload functions.
 * int (*ndo_fcoe_enable)(struct net_device *dev);
 *	Called when the FCoE protocol stack wants to start using LLD for FCoE
 *	so the underlying device can perform whatever needed configuration or
 *	initialization to support acceleration of FCoE traffic.
 *
 * int (*ndo_fcoe_disable)(struct net_device *dev);
 *	Called when the FCoE protocol stack wants to stop using LLD for FCoE
 *	so the underlying device can perform whatever needed clean-ups to
 *	stop supporting acceleration of FCoE traffic.
 *
 * int (*ndo_fcoe_ddp_setup)(struct net_device *dev, u16 xid,
 *			     struct scatterlist *sgl, unsigned int sgc);
 *	Called when the FCoE Initiator wants to initialize an I/O that
 *	is a possible candidate for Direct Data Placement (DDP). The LLD can
 *	perform necessary setup and returns 1 to indicate the device is set up
 *	successfully to perform DDP on this I/O, otherwise this returns 0.
 *
 * int (*ndo_fcoe_ddp_done)(struct net_device *dev,  u16 xid);
 *	Called when the FCoE Initiator/Target is done with the DDPed I/O as
 *	indicated by the FC exchange id 'xid', so the underlying device can
 *	clean up and reuse resources for later DDP requests.
 *
 * int (*ndo_fcoe_ddp_target)(struct net_device *dev, u16 xid,
 *			      struct scatterlist *sgl, unsigned int sgc);
 *	Called when the FCoE Target wants to initialize an I/O that
 *	is a possible candidate for Direct Data Placement (DDP). The LLD can
 *	perform necessary setup and returns 1 to indicate the device is set up
 *	successfully to perform DDP on this I/O, otherwise this returns 0.
 *
 * int (*ndo_fcoe_get_hbainfo)(struct net_device *dev,
 *			       struct netdev_fcoe_hbainfo *hbainfo);
 *	Called when the FCoE Protocol stack wants information on the underlying
 *	device. This information is utilized by the FCoE protocol stack to
 *	register attributes with Fiber Channel management service as per the
 *	FC-GS Fabric Device Management Information(FDMI) specification.
 *
 * int (*ndo_fcoe_get_wwn)(struct net_device *dev, u64 *wwn, int type);
 *	Called when the underlying device wants to override default World Wide
 *	Name (WWN) generation mechanism in FCoE protocol stack to pass its own
 *	World Wide Port Name (WWPN) or World Wide Node Name (WWNN) to the FCoE
 *	protocol stack to use.
 *
 *	RFS acceleration.
 * int (*ndo_rx_flow_steer)(struct net_device *dev, const struct sk_buff *skb,
 *			    u16 rxq_index, u32 flow_id);
 *	Set hardware filter for RFS.  rxq_index is the target queue index;
 *	flow_id is a flow ID to be passed to rps_may_expire_flow() later.
 *	Return the filter ID on success, or a negative error code.
 *
 *	Slave management functions (for bridge, bonding, etc).
 * int (*ndo_add_slave)(struct net_device *dev, struct net_device *slave_dev);
 *	Called to make another netdev an underling.
 *
 * int (*ndo_del_slave)(struct net_device *dev, struct net_device *slave_dev);
 *	Called to release previously enslaved netdev.
 *
 *      Feature/offload setting functions.
 * netdev_features_t (*ndo_fix_features)(struct net_device *dev,
 *		netdev_features_t features);
 *	Adjusts the requested feature flags according to device-specific
 *	constraints, and returns the resulting flags. Must not modify
 *	the device state.
 *
 * int (*ndo_set_features)(struct net_device *dev, netdev_features_t features);
 *	Called to update device configuration to new features. Passed
 *	feature set might be less than what was returned by ndo_fix_features()).
 *	Must return >0 or -errno if it changed dev->features itself.
 *
 * int (*ndo_fdb_add)(struct ndmsg *ndm, struct nlattr *tb[],
 *		      struct net_device *dev,
 *		      const unsigned char *addr, u16 vid, u16 flags)
 *	Adds an FDB entry to dev for addr.
 * int (*ndo_fdb_del)(struct ndmsg *ndm, struct nlattr *tb[],
 *		      struct net_device *dev,
 *		      const unsigned char *addr, u16 vid)
 *	Deletes the FDB entry from dev coresponding to addr.
 * int (*ndo_fdb_dump)(struct sk_buff *skb, struct netlink_callback *cb,
 *		       struct net_device *dev, struct net_device *filter_dev,
 *		       int idx)
 *	Used to add FDB entries to dump requests. Implementers should add
 *	entries to skb and update idx with the number of entries.
 *
 * int (*ndo_bridge_setlink)(struct net_device *dev, struct nlmsghdr *nlh,
 *			     u16 flags)
 * int (*ndo_bridge_getlink)(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 pid, u32 seq,
 *			     struct net_device *dev, u32 filter_mask,
 *			     int nlflags)
 * int (*ndo_bridge_dellink)(struct net_device *dev, struct nlmsghdr *nlh,
 *			     u16 flags);
 *
 * int (*ndo_change_carrier)(struct net_device *dev, bool new_carrier);
 *	Called to change device carrier. Soft-devices (like dummy, team, etc)
 *	which do not represent real hardware may define this to allow their
 *	userspace components to manage their virtual carrier state. Devices
 *	that determine carrier state from physical hardware properties (eg
 *	network cables) or protocol-dependent mechanisms (eg
 *	USB_CDC_NOTIFY_NETWORK_CONNECTION) should NOT implement this function.
 *
 * int (*ndo_get_phys_port_id)(struct net_device *dev,
 *			       struct netdev_phys_item_id *ppid);
 *	Called to get ID of physical port of this device. If driver does
 *	not implement this, it is assumed that the hw is not able to have
 *	multiple net devices on single physical port.
 *
 * void (*ndo_add_vxlan_port)(struct  net_device *dev,
 *			      sa_family_t sa_family, __be16 port);
 *	Called by vxlan to notiy a driver about the UDP port and socket
 *	address family that vxlan is listnening to. It is called only when
 *	a new port starts listening. The operation is protected by the
 *	vxlan_net->sock_lock.
 *
 * void (*ndo_del_vxlan_port)(struct  net_device *dev,
 *			      sa_family_t sa_family, __be16 port);
 *	Called by vxlan to notify the driver about a UDP port and socket
 *	address family that vxlan is not listening to anymore. The operation
 *	is protected by the vxlan_net->sock_lock.
 *
 * void* (*ndo_dfwd_add_station)(struct net_device *pdev,
 *				 struct net_device *dev)
 *	Called by upper layer devices to accelerate switching or other
 *	station functionality into hardware. 'pdev is the lowerdev
 *	to use for the offload and 'dev' is the net device that will
 *	back the offload. Returns a pointer to the private structure
 *	the upper layer will maintain.
 * void (*ndo_dfwd_del_station)(struct net_device *pdev, void *priv)
 *	Called by upper layer device to delete the station created
 *	by 'ndo_dfwd_add_station'. 'pdev' is the net device backing
 *	the station and priv is the structure returned by the add
 *	operation.
 * netdev_tx_t (*ndo_dfwd_start_xmit)(struct sk_buff *skb,
 *				      struct net_device *dev,
 *				      void *priv);
 *	Callback to use for xmit over the accelerated station. This
 *	is used in place of ndo_start_xmit on accelerated net
 *	devices.
 * netdev_features_t (*ndo_features_check) (struct sk_buff *skb,
 *					    struct net_device *dev
 *					    netdev_features_t features);
 *	Called by core transmit path to determine if device is capable of
 *	performing offload operations on a given packet. This is to give
 *	the device an opportunity to implement any restrictions that cannot
 *	be otherwise expressed by feature flags. The check is called with
 *	the set of features that the stack has calculated and it returns
 *	those the driver believes to be appropriate.
 * int (*ndo_set_tx_maxrate)(struct net_device *dev,
 *			     int queue_index, u32 maxrate);
 *	Called when a user wants to set a max-rate limitation of specific
 *	TX queue.
 * int (*ndo_get_iflink)(const struct net_device *dev);
 *	Called to get the iflink value of this device.
 */
struct net_device_ops {
	int			(*ndo_init)(struct net_device *dev);
	void			(*ndo_uninit)(struct net_device *dev);
	int			(*ndo_open)(struct net_device *dev);
	int			(*ndo_stop)(struct net_device *dev);
	netdev_tx_t		(*ndo_start_xmit) (struct sk_buff *skb,
						   struct net_device *dev);
	u16			(*ndo_select_queue)(struct net_device *dev,
						    struct sk_buff *skb,
						    void *accel_priv,
						    select_queue_fallback_t fallback);
	void			(*ndo_change_rx_flags)(struct net_device *dev,
						       int flags);
	void			(*ndo_set_rx_mode)(struct net_device *dev);
	int			(*ndo_set_mac_address)(struct net_device *dev,
						       void *addr);
	int			(*ndo_validate_addr)(struct net_device *dev);
	int			(*ndo_do_ioctl)(struct net_device *dev,
					        struct ifreq *ifr, int cmd);
	int			(*ndo_set_config)(struct net_device *dev,
					          struct ifmap *map);
	int			(*ndo_change_mtu)(struct net_device *dev,
						  int new_mtu);
	int			(*ndo_neigh_setup)(struct net_device *dev,
						   struct neigh_parms *);
	void			(*ndo_tx_timeout) (struct net_device *dev);

	struct rtnl_link_stats64* (*ndo_get_stats64)(struct net_device *dev,
						     struct rtnl_link_stats64 *storage);
	struct net_device_stats* (*ndo_get_stats)(struct net_device *dev);

	int			(*ndo_vlan_rx_add_vid)(struct net_device *dev,
						       __be16 proto, u16 vid);
	int			(*ndo_vlan_rx_kill_vid)(struct net_device *dev,
						        __be16 proto, u16 vid);
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_POLL_CONTROLLER
	void                    (*ndo_poll_controller)(struct net_device *dev);
	int			(*ndo_netpoll_setup)(struct net_device *dev,
						     struct netpoll_info *info);
	void			(*ndo_netpoll_cleanup)(struct net_device *dev);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL
	int			(*ndo_busy_poll)(struct napi_struct *dev);
#endif
	int			(*ndo_set_vf_mac)(struct net_device *dev,
						  int queue, u8 *mac);
	int			(*ndo_set_vf_vlan)(struct net_device *dev,
						   int queue, u16 vlan, u8 qos);
	int			(*ndo_set_vf_rate)(struct net_device *dev,
						   int vf, int min_tx_rate,
						   int max_tx_rate);
	int			(*ndo_set_vf_spoofchk)(struct net_device *dev,
						       int vf, bool setting);
	int			(*ndo_get_vf_config)(struct net_device *dev,
						     int vf,
						     struct ifla_vf_info *ivf);
	int			(*ndo_set_vf_link_state)(struct net_device *dev,
							 int vf, int link_state);
	int			(*ndo_set_vf_port)(struct net_device *dev,
						   int vf,
						   struct nlattr *port[]);
	int			(*ndo_get_vf_port)(struct net_device *dev,
						   int vf, struct sk_buff *skb);
	int			(*ndo_set_vf_rss_query_en)(
						   struct net_device *dev,
						   int vf, bool setting);
	int			(*ndo_setup_tc)(struct net_device *dev, u8 tc);
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FCOE)
	int			(*ndo_fcoe_enable)(struct net_device *dev);
	int			(*ndo_fcoe_disable)(struct net_device *dev);
	int			(*ndo_fcoe_ddp_setup)(struct net_device *dev,
						      u16 xid,
						      struct scatterlist *sgl,
						      unsigned int sgc);
	int			(*ndo_fcoe_ddp_done)(struct net_device *dev,
						     u16 xid);
	int			(*ndo_fcoe_ddp_target)(struct net_device *dev,
						       u16 xid,
						       struct scatterlist *sgl,
						       unsigned int sgc);
	int			(*ndo_fcoe_get_hbainfo)(struct net_device *dev,
							struct netdev_fcoe_hbainfo *hbainfo);
#endif

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LIBFCOE)
#define NETDEV_FCOE_WWNN 0
#define NETDEV_FCOE_WWPN 1
	int			(*ndo_fcoe_get_wwn)(struct net_device *dev,
						    u64 *wwn, int type);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_RFS_ACCEL
	int			(*ndo_rx_flow_steer)(struct net_device *dev,
						     const struct sk_buff *skb,
						     u16 rxq_index,
						     u32 flow_id);
#endif
	int			(*ndo_add_slave)(struct net_device *dev,
						 struct net_device *slave_dev);
	int			(*ndo_del_slave)(struct net_device *dev,
						 struct net_device *slave_dev);
	netdev_features_t	(*ndo_fix_features)(struct net_device *dev,
						    netdev_features_t features);
	int			(*ndo_set_features)(struct net_device *dev,
						    netdev_features_t features);
	int			(*ndo_neigh_construct)(struct neighbour *n);
	void			(*ndo_neigh_destroy)(struct neighbour *n);

	int			(*ndo_fdb_add)(struct ndmsg *ndm,
					       struct nlattr *tb[],
					       struct net_device *dev,
					       const unsigned char *addr,
					       u16 vid,
					       u16 flags);
	int			(*ndo_fdb_del)(struct ndmsg *ndm,
					       struct nlattr *tb[],
					       struct net_device *dev,
					       const unsigned char *addr,
					       u16 vid);
	int			(*ndo_fdb_dump)(struct sk_buff *skb,
						struct netlink_callback *cb,
						struct net_device *dev,
						struct net_device *filter_dev,
						int idx);

	int			(*ndo_bridge_setlink)(struct net_device *dev,
						      struct nlmsghdr *nlh,
						      u16 flags);
	int			(*ndo_bridge_getlink)(struct sk_buff *skb,
						      u32 pid, u32 seq,
						      struct net_device *dev,
						      u32 filter_mask,
						      int nlflags);
	int			(*ndo_bridge_dellink)(struct net_device *dev,
						      struct nlmsghdr *nlh,
						      u16 flags);
	int			(*ndo_change_carrier)(struct net_device *dev,
						      bool new_carrier);
	int			(*ndo_get_phys_port_id)(struct net_device *dev,
							struct netdev_phys_item_id *ppid);
	int			(*ndo_get_phys_port_name)(struct net_device *dev,
							  char *name, size_t len);
	void			(*ndo_add_vxlan_port)(struct  net_device *dev,
						      sa_family_t sa_family,
						      __be16 port);
	void			(*ndo_del_vxlan_port)(struct  net_device *dev,
						      sa_family_t sa_family,
						      __be16 port);

	void*			(*ndo_dfwd_add_station)(struct net_device *pdev,
							struct net_device *dev);
	void			(*ndo_dfwd_del_station)(struct net_device *pdev,
							void *priv);

	netdev_tx_t		(*ndo_dfwd_start_xmit) (struct sk_buff *skb,
							struct net_device *dev,
							void *priv);
	int			(*ndo_get_lock_subclass)(struct net_device *dev);
	netdev_features_t	(*ndo_features_check) (struct sk_buff *skb,
						       struct net_device *dev,
						       netdev_features_t features);
	int			(*ndo_set_tx_maxrate)(struct net_device *dev,
						      int queue_index,
						      u32 maxrate);
	int			(*ndo_get_iflink)(const struct net_device *dev);
};

3、信息的载体

/** 
 *	struct sk_buff - socket buffer
 *	@next: Next buffer in list
 *	@prev: Previous buffer in list
 *	@tstamp: Time we arrived/left
 *	@rbnode: RB tree node, alternative to next/prev for netem/tcp
 *	@sk: Socket we are owned by
 *	@dev: Device we arrived on/are leaving by
 *	@cb: Control buffer. Free for use by every layer. Put private vars here
 *	@_skb_refdst: destination entry (with norefcount bit)
 *	@sp: the security path, used for xfrm
 *	@len: Length of actual data
 *	@data_len: Data length
 *	@mac_len: Length of link layer header
 *	@hdr_len: writable header length of cloned skb
 *	@csum: Checksum (must include start/offset pair)
 *	@csum_start: Offset from skb->head where checksumming should start
 *	@csum_offset: Offset from csum_start where checksum should be stored
 *	@priority: Packet queueing priority
 *	@ignore_df: allow local fragmentation
 *	@cloned: Head may be cloned (check refcnt to be sure)
 *	@ip_summed: Driver fed us an IP checksum
 *	@nohdr: Payload reference only, must not modify header
 *	@nfctinfo: Relationship of this skb to the connection
 *	@pkt_type: Packet class
 *	@fclone: skbuff clone status
 *	@ipvs_property: skbuff is owned by ipvs
 *	@peeked: this packet has been seen already, so stats have been
 *		done for it, don't do them again
 *	@nf_trace: netfilter packet trace flag
 *	@protocol: Packet protocol from driver
 *	@destructor: Destruct function
 *	@nfct: Associated connection, if any
 *	@nf_bridge: Saved data about a bridged frame - see br_netfilter.c
 *	@skb_iif: ifindex of device we arrived on
 *	@tc_index: Traffic control index
 *	@tc_verd: traffic control verdict
 *	@hash: the packet hash
 *	@queue_mapping: Queue mapping for multiqueue devices
 *	@xmit_more: More SKBs are pending for this queue
 *	@ndisc_nodetype: router type (from link layer)
 *	@ooo_okay: allow the mapping of a socket to a queue to be changed
 *	@l4_hash: indicate hash is a canonical 4-tuple hash over transport
 *		ports.
 *	@sw_hash: indicates hash was computed in software stack
 *	@wifi_acked_valid: wifi_acked was set
 *	@wifi_acked: whether frame was acked on wifi or not
 *	@no_fcs:  Request NIC to treat last 4 bytes as Ethernet FCS
  *	@napi_id: id of the NAPI struct this skb came from
 *	@secmark: security marking
 *	@mark: Generic packet mark
 *	@vlan_proto: vlan encapsulation protocol
 *	@vlan_tci: vlan tag control information
 *	@inner_protocol: Protocol (encapsulation)
 *	@inner_transport_header: Inner transport layer header (encapsulation)
 *	@inner_network_header: Network layer header (encapsulation)
 *	@inner_mac_header: Link layer header (encapsulation)
 *	@transport_header: Transport layer header
 *	@network_header: Network layer header
 *	@mac_header: Link layer header
 *	@tail: Tail pointer
 *	@end: End pointer
 *	@head: Head of buffer
 *	@data: Data head pointer
 *	@truesize: Buffer size
 *	@users: User count - see {datagram,tcp}.c
 */

struct sk_buff {
	union {
		struct {
			/* These two members must be first. */
			struct sk_buff		*next;
			struct sk_buff		*prev;

			union {
				ktime_t		tstamp;
				struct skb_mstamp skb_mstamp;
			};
		};
		struct rb_node	rbnode; /* used in netem & tcp stack */
	};
	struct sock		*sk;
	struct net_device	*dev;

	/*
	 * This is the control buffer. It is free to use for every
	 * layer. Please put your private variables there. If you
	 * want to keep them across layers you have to do a skb_clone()
	 * first. This is owned by whoever has the skb queued ATM.
	 */
	char			cb[48] __aligned(8);

	unsigned long		_skb_refdst;
	void			(*destructor)(struct sk_buff *skb);
#ifdef CONFIG_XFRM
	struct	sec_path	*sp;
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK) || defined(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_MODULE)
	struct nf_conntrack	*nfct;
#endif
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER)
	struct nf_bridge_info	*nf_bridge;
#endif
	unsigned int		len,
				data_len;
	__u16			mac_len,
				hdr_len;

	/* Following fields are _not_ copied in __copy_skb_header()
	 * Note that queue_mapping is here mostly to fill a hole.
	 */
	kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags1);
	__u16			queue_mapping;
	__u8			cloned:1,
				nohdr:1,
				fclone:2,
				peeked:1,
				head_frag:1,
				xmit_more:1;
	/* one bit hole */
	kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags1);

	/* fields enclosed in headers_start/headers_end are copied
	 * using a single memcpy() in __copy_skb_header()
	 */
	/* private: */
	__u32			headers_start[0];
	/* public: */

/* if you move pkt_type around you also must adapt those constants */
#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN_BITFIELD
#define PKT_TYPE_MAX	(7 << 5)
#else
#define PKT_TYPE_MAX	7
#endif
#define PKT_TYPE_OFFSET()	offsetof(struct sk_buff, __pkt_type_offset)

	__u8			__pkt_type_offset[0];
	__u8			pkt_type:3;
	__u8			pfmemalloc:1;
	__u8			ignore_df:1;
	__u8			nfctinfo:3;

	__u8			nf_trace:1;
	__u8			ip_summed:2;
	__u8			ooo_okay:1;
	__u8			l4_hash:1;
	__u8			sw_hash:1;
	__u8			wifi_acked_valid:1;
	__u8			wifi_acked:1;

	__u8			no_fcs:1;
	/* Indicates the inner headers are valid in the skbuff. */
	__u8			encapsulation:1;
	__u8			encap_hdr_csum:1;
	__u8			csum_valid:1;
	__u8			csum_complete_sw:1;
	__u8			csum_level:2;
	__u8			csum_bad:1;

#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_NDISC_NODETYPE
	__u8			ndisc_nodetype:2;
#endif
	__u8			ipvs_property:1;
	__u8			inner_protocol_type:1;
	__u8			remcsum_offload:1;
	/* 3 or 5 bit hole */

#ifdef CONFIG_NET_SCHED
	__u16			tc_index;	/* traffic control index */
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT
	__u16			tc_verd;	/* traffic control verdict */
#endif
#endif

	union {
		__wsum		csum;
		struct {
			__u16	csum_start;
			__u16	csum_offset;
		};
	};
	__u32			priority;
	int			skb_iif;
	__u32			hash;
	__be16			vlan_proto;
	__u16			vlan_tci;
#if defined(CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL) || defined(CONFIG_XPS)
	union {
		unsigned int	napi_id;
		unsigned int	sender_cpu;
	};
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NETWORK_SECMARK
	__u32			secmark;
#endif
	union {
		__u32		mark;
		__u32		reserved_tailroom;
	};

	union {
		__be16		inner_protocol;
		__u8		inner_ipproto;
	};

	__u16			inner_transport_header;
	__u16			inner_network_header;
	__u16			inner_mac_header;

	__be16			protocol;
	__u16			transport_header;
	__u16			network_header;
	__u16			mac_header;

	/* private: */
	__u32			headers_end[0];
	/* public: */

	/* These elements must be at the end, see alloc_skb() for details.  */
	sk_buff_data_t		tail;
	sk_buff_data_t		end;
	unsigned char		*head,
				*data;
	unsigned int		truesize;
	atomic_t		users;
};

七、NAPI 处理机制

Linux网络协议栈:NAPI机制与处理流程分析(图解)_rtoax的博客-CSDN博客_netif_napi_add

八、imx6ull 网络设备树说明

参考:Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/fsl-fec.txt

九、imx6ull 网络驱动

源码见:drivers\net\ethernet\freescale\fec_main.c

十、通用 PHY 驱动

源码见:drivers\net\phy\phy_device.c

十一、LAN8720A 驱动

源码见:drivers\net\phy\smsc.c

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