（学习记录）无默认构造函数时如何定义该元素的数组

当某一个类没有默认构造函数时，定义该对象的数组时，编译器会报错：

error C2512: “A”: 没有合适的默认构造函数可用

出现这种问题时，可以采用new()重载的方式进行解决，采用这种方法必须包含头文件<new>，实现代码如下：

class A
{
public:
	A(int _a) { a = _a; cout << "构造函数  " << a << endl; }
	~A() { cout << "析构函数" << a << endl; }
protected:
	int a;
};
int Swap(int *a, int *b);


int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
	A* pa = (A*)::operator new[](sizeof(A) * 3);
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
	{
		new(pa + i)A(i);
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
	{
		pa[i].~A();
	}
	::operator delete[](pa);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

这里用new()的好处在于可以在指定的内存地址上创建一个元素，而不需要定义一个指针数组，定义诸多元素后，再对指针数组进行赋值。
需要注意的地方：

1：必须包含头文件<new>或<iostream>，否则会报错 “operator new”: 函数不接受 2 个参数。在不需要iostream头文件时这种报错会很崩溃。

2：使用operator new[]进行内存申请必须使用 operator delete[]进行内存释放，否则会引发异常中断。

3：必须显示的调用析构函数进行析构，而不能使用delete。

反汇编代码如下：

int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
00007FF714352890  mov         qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx  
00007FF714352895  mov         dword ptr [rsp+8],ecx  
00007FF714352899  push        rbp  
00007FF71435289A  push        rdi  
00007FF71435289B  sub         rsp,1A8h  
00007FF7143528A2  lea         rbp,[rsp+20h]  
00007FF7143528A7  mov         rdi,rsp  
00007FF7143528AA  mov         ecx,6Ah  
00007FF7143528AF  mov         eax,0CCCCCCCCh  
00007FF7143528B4  rep stos    dword ptr [rdi]  
00007FF7143528B6  mov         ecx,dword ptr [rsp+1C8h]  
00007FF7143528BD  mov         qword ptr [rbp+168h],0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEh  
	A* pa = (A*)::operator new[](sizeof(A) * 3);
00007FF7143528C8  mov         ecx,0Ch  
00007FF7143528CD  call        operator new[] (07FF71435124Eh)  
00007FF7143528D2  mov         qword ptr [pa],rax  
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
00007FF7143528D6  mov         dword ptr [rbp+24h],0  
00007FF7143528DD  jmp         main+57h (07FF7143528E7h)  
00007FF7143528DF  mov         eax,dword ptr [rbp+24h]  
00007FF7143528E2  inc         eax  
00007FF7143528E4  mov         dword ptr [rbp+24h],eax  
00007FF7143528E7  cmp         dword ptr [rbp+24h],3  
00007FF7143528EB  jge         main+0BAh (07FF71435294Ah)  
	{
		new(pa + i)A(i);
00007FF7143528ED  movsxd      rax,dword ptr [rbp+24h]  
00007FF7143528F1  mov         rcx,qword ptr [pa]  
00007FF7143528F5  lea         rax,[rcx+rax*4]  
00007FF7143528F9  mov         rdx,rax  
00007FF7143528FC  mov         ecx,4  
00007FF714352901  call        operator new (07FF7143510C8h)  
00007FF714352906  mov         qword ptr [rbp+148h],rax  
00007FF71435290D  cmp         qword ptr [rbp+148h],0  
00007FF714352915  je          main+9Fh (07FF71435292Fh)  
00007FF714352917  mov         edx,dword ptr [rbp+24h]  
00007FF71435291A  mov         rcx,qword ptr [rbp+148h]  
00007FF714352921  call        A::A (07FF71435145Bh)  
00007FF714352926  mov         qword ptr [rbp+178h],rax  
00007FF71435292D  jmp         main+0AAh (07FF71435293Ah)  
00007FF71435292F  mov         qword ptr [rbp+178h],0  
00007FF71435293A  mov         rax,qword ptr [rbp+178h]  
00007FF714352941  mov         qword ptr [rbp+128h],rax  
	}
00007FF714352948  jmp         main+4Fh (07FF7143528DFh)  

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
00007FF71435294A  mov         dword ptr [rbp+44h],0  
00007FF714352951  jmp         main+0CBh (07FF71435295Bh)  
00007FF714352953  mov         eax,dword ptr [rbp+44h]  
00007FF714352956  inc         eax  

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
00007FF714352958  mov         dword ptr [rbp+44h],eax  
00007FF71435295B  cmp         dword ptr [rbp+44h],3  
00007FF71435295F  jge         main+0E9h (07FF714352979h)  
	{
		pa[i].~A();
00007FF714352961  movsxd      rax,dword ptr [rbp+44h]  
00007FF714352965  mov         rcx,qword ptr [pa]  
00007FF714352969  lea         rax,[rcx+rax*4]  
00007FF71435296D  xor         edx,edx  
00007FF71435296F  mov         rcx,rax  
00007FF714352972  call        A::`scalar deleting destructor' (07FF71435131Bh)  
	}
00007FF714352977  jmp         main+0C3h (07FF714352953h)  
	::operator delete[](pa);
00007FF714352979  mov         rcx,qword ptr [pa]  
00007FF71435297D  call        operator delete[] (07FF71435101Eh)  

	system("pause");
00007FF714352982  lea         rcx,[string "pause" (07FF71435ABD8h)]  
00007FF714352989  call        qword ptr [__imp_system (07FF714362418h)]  
	return 0;
00007FF71435298F  xor         eax,eax  
}