Why do many Collection classes in Java extend the abstract class and implement the interface as well

Why do many Collection classes in Java extend the Abstract class and also implement the interface (which is also implemented by the given abstract class)?

For example, class HashSet extends AbstractSet and also implements Set, but AbstractSetalready implements Set.

为什么 许多Collection 类 既继承了抽象类 也实现了 接口,如 HashSet extends AbstractSet implements Set,且 AbstractSet implements Set ?


It's a way to remember that this class really implements that interface.
It won't have any bad effect and it can help to understand the code without going through the complete hierarchy of the given class.

这种方式有助于记忆该类确实实现了该接口

这并没有什么坏处,这有助于我们理解代码 而不用去 check 它的完整的类层级关系。

Here is an example implementation of the abstract class GraphicObject and its subclasses Cone, Cuboid, and Sphere: ```java abstract class GraphicObject { protected int x, y; public GraphicObject(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } abstract double area(); abstract double perimeter(); } class Cone extends GraphicObject { private int radius; private int height; public Cone(int x, int y, int radius, int height) { super(x, y); this.radius = radius; this.height = height; } @Override double area() { return Math.PI * radius * (radius + Math.sqrt(Math.pow(height, 2) + Math.pow(radius, 2))); } @Override double perimeter() { return 2 * Math.PI * radius; } } class Cuboid extends GraphicObject { private int length; private int width; private int height; public Cuboid(int x, int y, int length, int width, int height) { super(x, y); this.length = length; this.width = width; this.height = height; } @Override double area() { return 2 * (length * width + width * height + height * length); } @Override double perimeter() { return 4 * (length + width + height); } } class Sphere extends GraphicObject { private int radius; public Sphere(int x, int y, int radius) { super(x, y); this.radius = radius; } @Override double area() { return 4 * Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 2); } @Override double perimeter() { return 2 * Math.PI * radius; } } ``` The abstract class `GraphicObject` defines the common properties and methods that all subclasses must implement. The `Cone`, `Cuboid`, and `Sphere` classes extend the `GraphicObject` class and provide their own implementations of the `area()` and `perimeter()` methods. For example, the `Cone` class calculates the surface area and circumference of a cone based on its radius and height, while the `Cuboid` class calculates the surface area and perimeter of a rectangular cuboid based on its length, width, and height. The `Sphere` class calculates the surface area and circumference of a sphere based on its radius. Note that the `GraphicObject` class is abstract and cannot be instantiated directly. Instead, it provides a template for creating subclasses that represent specific types of geometric objects.
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