8. String to Integer (atoi)

class Solution(object):
    def myAtoi(self, str):
        """
        :type str: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        i = 0
        sign = 1  
        base = 0
        n = len(str)
        INT_MAX = 2147483647
        INT_MIN = -2147483648
        a_0 = ord('0')
        a_9 = ord('9')

        while i < n and str[i] == ' ':#字符串前的空格
            i += 1

        if i < n and str[i] == '-':     #正负号
            sign = -1
            i += 1
        elif i < n and str[i] == '+':
            i += 1

        while i < n and ord(str[i]) >= a_0 and ord(str[i]) <= a_9:  
        #判断是否超过字符串长度且判断当前的字符是不是非法字符
            if base > INT_MAX / 10 or (base == INT_MAX / 10 and ord(str[i]) - a_0 > 7):#判断是否溢出 
                return sign == 1 and INT_MAX or INT_MIN             
                #大于最大值则返回INT_MAX，小于最小值返回INT_MIN
            base = 10 * base + (ord(str[i]) - a_0)
            i += 1

        return base * sign