Chapter 11 Instruction Set: Addressing Modes and Formats

1. Two types
   • Instruction addressing
   • • Sequence addressing
     • Jump addressing
   • Data addressing
2. Addressing modes
   • Immediate
   • • Operand = address(Operand in instruction?)
     • Fast, Limited range
     • Applications
     • • Define and use constants
       • Set initial values of variable
   • Direct
   • • Address field contains effective address of operand(Operand address in instruction?)
     • Limited address space
   • Indirect
   • • Memory cell pointed to the address field containing the address of(pointer to)the operand(The pointer pointing to the operand is pointed by the address field of the instruction)
     • Large address space
   • Register
   • • Operand is held in register named in address field
     • No memory access
     • Very fast execution
     • Very limited address space
   • Implicit
   • • The address of operand is not explicitly presented, it hides in the opcode or a special register, such as AC.
   • Register indirect
   • • Operand is in memory cell pointed to by contents of register R
   • Displacement: powerful
   • • Direct addressing + register indirect addressing
     • The most common uses of displacement addressing
     • • Relative addressing
       • Base-register addressing
       • Indexing
   • Stack
3. Instruction formats: usually more than one instruction format in an instruction set
   • Instruction length
   • Allocation of bits: trade off between the number of opcode and the power of the addressing capability