在上一篇LED驱动中,设备与驱动是挂在总线上,通过总线上的macth(linux系统总线添加设备或驱动时调用各总线对应的match匹配函数判断驱动和设备是否匹配)进行设备与驱动的匹配,本篇一起学习另一种总线,platform,平台总线,一种虚拟总线,使板子代码与驱动代码分离,使驱动有更好的可扩展性和跨平台性。
platform总线相应的设备称为platform_device,驱动为platform_driver。
我们要实现的还是设备与驱动的注册与匹配,匹配成功之后调用probe函数,probe函数完成驱动注册最后工作,资源,中断调用函数以及其他相关工作。
接下来就分析一下我们的具体代码
1.platform设备与驱动的定义
static struct platform_device s3c_led_device = {
.name = "s3c_led",
.id = 1,
.dev =
{
.platform_data = &s3c_led_data,
.release = platform_led_release,
},
};
static struct platform_driver s3c_led_driver = {
.probe = s3c_led_probe,
.remove = s3c_led_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "s3c_led",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
};
这里可以看见我们的.name是一样的,这样才能匹配成功,才能绑定在一起。
2.platform平台设备与驱动的注册
static int __init s3c_led_init(void)
{
int ret = 0;
ret = platform_device_register(&s3c_led_device); //注册平台设备
if(ret)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "%s:%d: Can't register platform device %d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__, ret);
goto fail_reg_plat_dev;
}
dbg_print("Regist S3C LED Platform Device successfully.\n");
ret = platform_driver_register(&s3c_led_driver); //注册平台驱动
if(ret)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "%s:%d: Can't register platform driver %d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__, ret);
goto fail_reg_plat_drv;
}
dbg_print("Regist S3C LED Platform Driver successfully.\n");
return 0;
fail_reg_plat_drv:
platform_driver_unregister(&s3c_led_driver);
fail_reg_plat_dev:
return ret;
}
注册的工作就是由init来完成,即一启动便注册。我们可以看到,注册平台设备和平台驱动时,分别取sc3_led_device和s3c_led_driver结构体的值,也就是我们刚才定义的platform设备与驱动结构体。
3.当驱动与设备的.name匹配成功后,我们的probe也该出来做媒了。
static int s3c_led_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
{
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = dev->dev.platform_data;
int result = 0;
int i;
dev_t devno;
/* Initialize the LED status 对LED状态的初始化*/
for(i=0; i<pdata->nleds; i++)
{
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
if(ON == pdata->leds[i].status)
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, pdata->leds[i].active_level); //将输出值存在active_level中
}
else
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level);
}
}
/* Alloc the device for driver 申请设备号*/
if (0 != dev_major)
{
devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor);
result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, DEV_NAME);
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, dev_minor, 1, DEV_NAME);
dev_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
/* Alloc for device major failure */
if (result < 0)
{
printk("%s driver can't get major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major);
return result;
}
/* Initialize button structure and register cdev*/
memset(&led_device, 0, sizeof(led_device)); //memset函数初始化内存
led_device.data = dev->dev.platform_data;
cdev_init (&(led_device.cdev), &led_fops); //初始化字符设备cdev
led_device.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
result = cdev_add (&(led_device.cdev), devno , 1); //注册字符设备cdev
if (result)
{
printk (KERN_NOTICE "error %d add %s device", result, DEV_NAME);
goto ERROR;
}
led_device.dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEV_NAME); //定义一个类来自动创建设备节点,我们在测试程序时就不用再自己创建了。
if(IS_ERR(led_device.dev_class))
{
printk("%s driver create class failture\n",DEV_NAME);
result = -ENOMEM;
goto ERROR;
}
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,24)
device_create(led_device.dev_class, NULL, devno, NULL, DEV_NAME);
#else
device_create (led_device.dev_class, NULL, devno, DEV_NAME);
#endif
/* Initial the LED blink timer 初始化闪烁时间,这个timer函数在下面介绍*/
init_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer));
led_device.blink_timer.function = led_timer_handler;
led_device.blink_timer.data = (unsigned long)pdata;
led_device.blink_timer.expires = jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT;
add_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer));
printk("S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d initiliazed.\n", DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER, DRV_REVER_VER);
return 0;
ERROR:
printk("S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d install failure.\n", DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER,DRV_REVER_VER);
cdev_del(&(led_device.cdev));
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return result;
}
probe函数主要完成了申请设备号,初始化和注册字符设备cdev,从cdev读出硬件资源。
4.重要的结构体:
static struct file_operations led_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.release = led_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = led_ioctl, /* compatible with kernel version >=2.6.38*/
};
这个结构体说明了我们要用到的一些函数调用,我们的读写操作都要经过这里才能实现。
5.led_timer_handler函数
void led_timer_handler(unsigned long data) { int i; struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = (struct s3c_led_platform_data *)data; for(i=0; i<pdata->nleds; i++) { if(ON == pdata->leds[i].status) { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, pdata->leds[i].active_level); } else { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level); } if(ENABLE == pdata->leds[i].blink ) /* LED should blink */ { /* Switch status between 0 and 1 to turn LED ON or off */ pdata->leds[i].status = pdata->leds[i].status ^ 0x01; }
mod_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer), jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT); //如果有blink,即闪烁属性,则每个循环改变一次状态。 } }
这个函数定时读取每个LED引脚的状态存到active_level中。
好了,几个主要的函数已经分析完了,还有一些函数调用以及结构体的定义我们给一篇完整的驱动代码:
/********************************************************************************* * Copyright: (C) 2017 Tang Yanjun<519656780@qq.com> * All rights reserved. * * Filename: s3c_led.c * Description: This is the common LED driver runs on S3C24XX. * * Version: 1.0.0(10/27/2011~) * Author: Tang Yanjun <519656780@qq.com> * ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "23/4/2017 11:39:10 AM" * ********************************************************************************/ #include "s3c_driver.h" #define DRV_AUTHOR "Tang Yanjun <519656780@qq.com>" #define DRV_DESC "S3C24XX LED driver" /* Driver version*/ #define DRV_MAJOR_VER 1 #define DRV_MINOR_VER 0 #define DRV_REVER_VER 0 #define DEV_NAME DEV_LED_NAME #define DEV_MAJOR DEV_LED_MAJOR #ifndef DEV_MAJOR #define DEV_MAJOR 0 /* dynamic major by default */ #endif #define TIMER_TIMEOUT 40 static int debug = DISABLE; static int dev_major = DEV_MAJOR; static int dev_minor = 0; /* ============================ Platform Device part ===============================*/ /* LED hardware informtation structure*/ struct s3c_led_info { unsigned char num; /* The LED number */ unsigned int gpio; /* Which GPIO the LED used */ unsigned char active_level; /* The GPIO pin level(HIGHLEVEL or LOWLEVEL) to turn on or off */ unsigned char status; /* Current LED status: OFF/ON */ unsigned char blink; /* Blink or not */ }; /* The LED platform device private data structure */ struct s3c_led_platform_data { struct s3c_led_info *leds; int nleds; }; /* LED hardware informtation data*/ static struct s3c_led_info s3c_leds[] = { [0] = { .num = 1, .gpio = S3C2410_GPB(5), .active_level = LOWLEVEL, .status = OFF, .blink = ENABLE, }, [1] = { .num = 2, .gpio = S3C2410_GPB(6), .active_level = LOWLEVEL, .status = OFF, .blink = DISABLE, }, [2] = { .num = 3, .gpio = S3C2410_GPB(8), .active_level = LOWLEVEL, .status = OFF, .blink = DISABLE, }, [3] = { .num = 4, .gpio = S3C2410_GPB(10), .active_level = LOWLEVEL, .status = OFF, .blink = DISABLE, }, }; /* The LED platform device private data */ static struct s3c_led_platform_data s3c_led_data = { .leds = s3c_leds, .nleds = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_leds), }; struct led_device { struct s3c_led_platform_data *data; struct cdev cdev; struct class *dev_class; struct timer_list blink_timer; } led_device; static void platform_led_release(struct device * dev) { int i; struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = dev->platform_data; dbg_print("%s():%d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__); /* Turn all LED off */ for(i=0; i<pdata->nleds; i++) { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level); } } static struct platform_device s3c_led_device = { .name = "s3c_led", .id = 1, .dev = { .platform_data = &s3c_led_data, .release = platform_led_release, }, }; /* ===================== led device driver part ===========================*/ void led_timer_handler(unsigned long data) { int i; struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = (struct s3c_led_platform_data *)data; for(i=0; i<pdata->nleds; i++) { if(ON == pdata->leds[i].status) { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, pdata->leds[i].active_level); } else { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level); } if(ENABLE == pdata->leds[i].blink ) /* LED should blink */ { /* Switch status between 0 and 1 to turn LED ON or off */ pdata->leds[i].status = pdata->leds[i].status ^ 0x01; } mod_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer), jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT); } } static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { struct led_device *pdev ; struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata; pdev = container_of(inode->i_cdev,struct led_device, cdev); pdata = pdev->data; file->private_data = pdata; return 0; } static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { return 0; } static void print_led_help(void) { printk("Follow is the ioctl() command for LED driver:\n"); printk("Enable Driver debug command: %u\n", SET_DRV_DEBUG); printk("Get Driver verion command : %u\n", GET_DRV_VER); printk("Turn LED on command : %u\n", LED_ON); printk("Turn LED off command : %u\n", LED_OFF); printk("Turn LED blink command : %u\n", LED_BLINK); } /* compatible with kernel version >=2.6.38*/ static long led_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) { struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = file->private_data; switch (cmd) { case SET_DRV_DEBUG: dbg_print("%s driver debug now.\n", DISABLE == arg ? "Disable" : "Enable"); debug = (0==arg) ? DISABLE : ENABLE; break; case GET_DRV_VER: print_version(DRV_VERSION); return DRV_VERSION; case LED_OFF: if(pdata->nleds <= arg) { printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg); return -ENOTTY; } pdata->leds[arg].status = OFF; pdata->leds[arg].blink = DISABLE; break; case LED_ON: if(pdata->nleds <= arg) { printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg); return -ENOTTY; } pdata->leds[arg].status = ON; pdata->leds[arg].blink = DISABLE; break; case LED_BLINK: if(pdata->nleds <= arg) { printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg); return -ENOTTY; } pdata->leds[arg].blink = ENABLE; pdata->leds[arg].status = ON; break; default: dbg_print("%s driver don't support ioctl command=%d\n", DEV_NAME, cmd); print_led_help(); return -EINVAL; } return 0; } static struct file_operations led_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = led_open, .release = led_release, .unlocked_ioctl = led_ioctl, /* compatible with kernel version >=2.6.38*/ }; static int s3c_led_probe(struct platform_device *dev) { struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = dev->dev.platform_data; int result = 0; int i; dev_t devno; /* Initialize the LED status */ for(i=0; i<pdata->nleds; i++) { s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT); if(ON == pdata->leds[i].status) { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, pdata->leds[i].active_level); } else { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level); } } /* Alloc the device for driver */ if (0 != dev_major) { devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor); result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, DEV_NAME); } else { result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, dev_minor, 1, DEV_NAME); dev_major = MAJOR(devno); } /* Alloc for device major failure */ if (result < 0) { printk("%s driver can't get major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major); return result; } /* Initialize button structure and register cdev*/ memset(&led_device, 0, sizeof(led_device)); led_device.data = dev->dev.platform_data; cdev_init (&(led_device.cdev), &led_fops); led_device.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; result = cdev_add (&(led_device.cdev), devno , 1); if (result) { printk (KERN_NOTICE "error %d add %s device", result, DEV_NAME); goto ERROR; } led_device.dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEV_NAME); if(IS_ERR(led_device.dev_class)) { printk("%s driver create class failture\n",DEV_NAME); result = -ENOMEM; goto ERROR; } #if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,24) device_create(led_device.dev_class, NULL, devno, NULL, DEV_NAME); #else device_create (led_device.dev_class, NULL, devno, DEV_NAME); #endif /* Initial the LED blink timer */ init_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer)); led_device.blink_timer.function = led_timer_handler; led_device.blink_timer.data = (unsigned long)pdata; led_device.blink_timer.expires = jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT; add_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer)); printk("S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d initiliazed.\n", DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER, DRV_REVER_VER); return 0; ERROR: printk("S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d install failure.\n", DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER, DRV_REVER_VER); cdev_del(&(led_device.cdev)); unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1); return result; } static int s3c_led_remove(struct platform_device *dev) { dev_t devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor); del_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer)); cdev_del(&(led_device.cdev)); device_destroy(led_device.dev_class, devno); class_destroy(led_device.dev_class); unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1); printk("S3C %s driver removed\n", DEV_NAME); return 0; } static struct platform_driver s3c_led_driver = { .probe = s3c_led_probe, .remove = s3c_led_remove, .driver = { .name = "s3c_led", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, }; static int __init s3c_led_init(void) { int ret = 0; ret = platform_device_register(&s3c_led_device); if(ret) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s:%d: Can't register platform device %d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__, ret); goto fail_reg_plat_dev; } dbg_print("Regist S3C LED Platform Device successfully.\n"); ret = platform_driver_register(&s3c_led_driver); if(ret) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s:%d: Can't register platform driver %d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__, ret); goto fail_reg_plat_drv; } dbg_print("Regist S3C LED Platform Driver successfully.\n"); return 0; fail_reg_plat_drv: platform_driver_unregister(&s3c_led_driver); fail_reg_plat_dev: return ret; } static void s3c_led_exit(void) { dbg_print("%s():%d remove LED platform drvier\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__); platform_driver_unregister(&s3c_led_driver); dbg_print("%s():%d remove LED platform device\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__); platform_device_unregister(&s3c_led_device); } module_init(s3c_led_init); module_exit(s3c_led_exit); module_param(debug, int, S_IRUGO); module_param(dev_major, int, S_IRUGO); module_param(dev_minor, int, S_IRUGO); MODULE_AUTHOR(DRV_AUTHOR); MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRV_DESC); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_ALIAS("platform:S3C24XX_led");
学习了platform总线驱动,以及LED驱动以后,满满的都是套路,都是各种申请,各种注册,最后匹配,platform比普通led多了个probe来对字符设备和驱动设备进行匹配,然后这里还有自动创建节点,以及定义led的闪烁,下一篇给出一个测试代码测试一下。
——————路漫漫其修远兮,我们的驱动之旅才刚开始。另外,请大家指出我理解不对的地方并加以指正,对我理解不够深刻的地方也希望大家帮助我学习。